Unmanned aerial Vehicle hydrological monitoring scheme

1 unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned aerial Vehicle Remote sensing technology

Unmanned aircraft abbreviation UAV ( Unmanned aerial Vehicle The UAV 1917 year, The development and application of the early unmanned aerial vehicles are mainly used as target drone, which are mainly used in military, and then gradually applied to combat, reconnaissance and civilian remote sensing flight platforms. 20 century 80 ERA, with the rapid development of computer technology, communication technology and a variety of digital, light weight, small size, The new sensor with high detection accuracy is continuously available, and the performance of UAV is continuously improved, and the application scope and application field are expanded rapidly. The combination of UAV and remote sensing technology, namely UAV remote sensing, is the use of advanced unmanned aerial vehicle technology, remote sensing sensor technology, telemetry and remote control technology, communication technology, gps differential positioning technology and remote sensing application technology, with automation, intelligent, thematic rapid acquisition of land, resources, environment and other spatial remote sensing information, complete remote sensing data processing, modeling and application of analytical capabilities of technology.

The unmanned aerial vehicle remote Sensing system, which has the advantages of maneuvering, rapid and economic , has become a hot topic in the world , and has been gradually developed from the research and development to the practical application stage . Become one of the major aviation remote sensing technologies of the future.

2 characteristics of UAV and UAV Remote Sensing system 　

The UAV system has the advantages of low cost, low consumption, reusable, small risk and so on, which can not only accomplish the task of the manned aircraft, but also be suitable for the task which the aircraft is not suitable to carry out, because of its simple structure and low use cost.

UAV Remote sensing technology as an important means of spatial data acquisition, with high-aging, high-resolution performance, satellite remote sensing and manned aircraft remote sensing of the powerful supplement, compared with satellite remote sensing and manned aircraft remote sensing, more convenient, fast, fast response, its survivability, low demand for climatic conditions, the terrain adaptability, At the same time, we can realize the real-time transmission of image data and meet the requirements of emergency conditions.

The high-precision digital imaging equipment equipped with unmanned aerial vehicles, with area coverage, vertical or oblique imaging technology capabilities, to obtain the spatial resolution of the image to the size of the class, suitable for 1:ten or more large-scale remote sensing application needs. Unmanned aerial vehicles can fly independently according to the scheduled flight route, shooting, high control accuracy, simple operation, low requirements for landing, can achieve remote control, semi-autonomous flight and according to the pre-programmed route automatic navigation function, easy to master and training.

3 application background and demand of unmanned aerial vehicle in hydrological monitoring 　

At present, the hydrological cause faces the new situation, the new task, shoulder the important historical responsibility. The problems of flood, drought, water pollution and soil erosion have seriously restricted the national economy and social development. In order to solve the problem of water, we must adjust the idea of flood, change the policy, change from engineering water Conservancy to resources Water Conservancy, and change from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable development. In this historical transformation process, the Water conservancy informatization should be placed in the priority position. The overall level of hydrological infrastructure is lagging behind the demand of economic and social development, which is a prominent contradiction in the process of hydrological construction development. Information is the basis of hydrological decision-making, and it is the basis of correctly analyzing and judging hydrological situation and scientifically formulating hydrological development plan. Because of the high maneuverability and high resolution of UAV low-altitude remote sensing, it has a unique advantage in the application of hydrology industry, the UAV low-altitude remote sensing can play its great role in the related fields of flood disaster, drought shortage, water pollution, river congestion and so on.

4 Unmanned aerial Vehicle hydrological monitoring application and its solution 　

2004 Year 7 months, torrential rain caused floods in Guangxi Guiping Mong, unmanned aerial vehicle Remote Sensing Monitoring survey, the first time the flood area, water withdrawal area, non-flood areas and other information remote sensing map, To create the first domestic use of self-control micro-unmanned aircraft remote sensing monitoring of flood disaster records.

Based on the characteristics of easy portability, simple operation, rapid response, abundant load, wide application of mission, low requirement of takeoff and landing on environment, autonomous flight, etc., in the traditional water resources survey, water coverage area survey, information management of land use, flood hazard, drought and water shortage, reservoir water level monitoring, Water Resources engineering dynamic monitoring, river hydrological monitoring, water drainage, surface cleaning monitoring, important water conservancy equipment and facilities safety monitoring, reservoir and dam area surrounding environment monitoring water resources inspection map, etc., can be applied.

4.1 Water Resources Survey, water resources land information management, water resources inspection into map 　

Traditional water Resources survey, land use information management and water Conservancy inspection into the map, multi-use artificial way to investigate, the investigators carry the camera from the high point to the river to take pictures, boat way to the Water resources Area survey. This method does not perform survey measurements quickly and accurately.

In the process of carrying out these work, we can fully combine the characteristics of UAV, use UAV to carry on the aerial shooting of the required monitoring objects, patrol, through a wide range of rapid patrol, the first time to master the Water Resources Survey information. Through aerial photography and mapping to master the Ground water resource land information and water Resources survey results, the ground station based on real-time aerial camera monitoring data can clearly analyze the real-time dynamic of water resources, post-production electronic version or photo results map, generate water resources inspection into a map.

It improves the efficiency of the outdoor investigation of the Water Resources Investigation Team, and provides an irreplaceable role for the water resources area, the water resources Geographic information and the post-production water resources inspection.

4.2 flood disaster, drought and water shortage, the investigation of water coverage area and the analysis of water perimeter 　

After the traditional flood disaster, more use of helicopters in the disaster area over the aerial camera monitoring and shooting flood coverage area, when encountering large areas of drought and water shortage, fixed loss of work generally adopt artificial fixed loss, fixed loss operation efficiency is slow.

The method of water alert is usually divided by a manual boat, and no aerial view is used for detailed division. these practices in flood disaster can not be rapid emergency, artificial photo angle without aerial view, and because of the large fixed area, manual operation is slow .

In this case, the unmanned aerial vehicle can be used to view the terrain, Landform, reservoir, dike levee dangerous of the flood detention area quickly from the air, when encountering danger, the UAV can overcome the traffic and other unfavorable factors, quickly arrives at the disaster zone, and transmits the scene information in real time, monitors the danger development, provides the accurate information for the flood control decision.

Unmanned aerial vehicles in the drought monitoring work, you can avoid people into the field, in time to understand each area, each irrigation district of water reserves, scientific dispatching reservoir storage, good water storage and drought, but also fully grasp the foreign river, the outside lake and inland river level changes.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is especially suitable for emergency management, which greatly reduces the risk probability of flood control and drought-resistant workers and improves the working efficiency. Can quickly for large reservoirs, including water coverage area survey, water cordon analysis, through the aerial shot real-time monitoring can clearly understand the area of water surface cover, through aerial photo into the map to divide the water lines, and find the corresponding points for fencing division. improve the handling of emergency early warning emergencies and disaster efficiency, quickly and accurately for the affected areas of aerial filming, fixed damage, to provide rescue workers with valuable search and rescue information .

Monitoring of water level in 4.3 Reservoir, hydrological monitoring of river and dynamic monitoring of water resources engineering

In the traditional reservoir water level monitoring, river hydrological monitoring, water resources engineering dynamic monitoring, the investigators carried the camera on the dam fence to take photographs of the reservoir buoy to obtain water level information, the way of manual boat to the upstream and downstream rivers to monitor the hydrological situation. in the monitoring process, if the large area of river pollution can not be accurately implemented water quality monitoring, but also because of the broad operating area, manual monitoring investigation is slow.

At this time, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles can quickly monitor the needs of the real-time monitoring, especially the edge of the reservoir in the harsh environment of the area, unmanned aerial vehicles can be controlled freely to complete the monitoring task. through the rapid inspection of the upstream and downstream rivers, the first time to master the hydrological situation, especially the large area of river pollution.

4.4 Important water resources equipment, facilities safety monitoring, reservoir, dam area surrounding environment monitoring

In the traditional water resources equipment, facilities safety monitoring, as well as the surrounding environmental monitoring of the reservoir dam area, also is the use of manual boat, walking Way to monitor, monitor personnel carrying cameras,DV, telescope to water conservancy equipment facilities for inspection, reservoirs, The surrounding environment of the dam area is usually inspected on foot. There is also the problem of slow investigations and the inability to perform monitoring tasks quickly and accurately.

The use of UAV rapid monitoring of important water resources equipment, fixed-point real-time monitoring, inspection, special reservoir edge area of the poor environment, can be easily completed monitoring tasks; When encountering water resources facilities failure to stop the operation, the use of unmanned function to quickly make emergency response, Real-time monitoring of water resources equipment, visual fault detection via ground station.

The real-time dynamic information of dam inlet and outlet is mastered by UAV aerial hover real-time monitoring, the ground station can analyze the real-time dynamic of the dam according to the real-time aerial camera monitoring data, and can quickly and accurately monitor the Water conservancy equipment and equipments, and solve the defects of the manual operation .

Unmanned aerial Vehicle hydrological monitoring scheme