Use IPMI to manage servers

1. IPMI (Intelligent platform management interface ):
That is, the smart platform management interface is a new generation of common interface standards that make Hardware Management "intelligent. You can use IPMI to monitor the physical characteristics of the server, such as temperature, voltage, fan operating status, power supply, and chassis intrusion. The biggest advantage of IPMI is that it is independent of the CPU bios and OS. Therefore, you can monitor the server as long as the power is switched on or off. IPMI is a standard developed by Intel, Hewlett-Packard (Hewlett-Packard), NEC, Dell, and supermicro companies in the United States. The new version is ipmi2.0 (http://www.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi ). Among them, the most important physical component is BMC (baseboard management controller), an embedded management microcontroller, which is equivalent to the "brain" of the entire platform management ", IPMI can be used to monitor the data of various sensors and record the logs of various events.
The new version of IPMI can manage server systems (including remote switches) through serial ports, modem, lan, and other remote environments, and automatically issue warnings when system errors occur. To manage IPMI on the server, the monitored system must have hardware devices that support IPMI. If the server has baseboard management controller (BMC) and supports IPMI specifications, the BMC communicates with different sensors on the motherboard to monitor whether the system has serious events, an alarm and log event is triggered when some parameters exceed the preset threshold. BMC has the following features:
(1) access through the serial port of the system.
(2) fault log records and SNMP alarm sending.
(3) Access System Event Log (SEL) and sensor status.
(4) control includes power-on and shutdown.
(5) support independent from the power supply or working status of the system.
(6) text console redirection for system settings, text utilities and the operating system console.
(7) Use LAN to access the serial console interface of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
2. Prerequisites for using IPMI:
To manage the server's IPMI, you must meet the requirements of hardware, OS, management tools, and other aspects.
(1) The server hardware itself provides support for IPMI.
(2) Currently, most vendors such as IBM, HP, Dell, and NEC support IPMI, but not all servers support IPMI, therefore, you should first use the product manual or BIOS to determine whether the server supports IPMI. That is to say, the server must have an embedded management microcontroller such as BMC on the motherboard.
(3) the operating system provides the corresponding IPMI driver. When the operating system monitors the server's IPMI information, the system kernel must provide corresponding support. The Linux system provides the IPMI system interface through Kernel support for openipmi (IPMI driver.
3. Use IPMI to manage servers:
IPMI can obtain the monitoring information of the monitored server through both local and remote methods. Both methods require related hardware, but the software installation and command usage are slightly different. The commonly used management tool is ipmitool at http://ipmitool.sourceforge.net /. In Linux, you must first install the openipmi driver and start it at http://sourceforge.net/projects/openipmi /. The ipmitool on SourceForge only supports Linux/Unix OS, but it has many versions for Windows, such as a version of sun. On http://www.sun.com/download/click the downloads A-Z, find the letter I classification, can download support for Windows platform ipmitool, the current version is 1.8.10.2, integrated IPMI driver has ism, MS, lan, lanplus, RMCP + LAN, where Ms represents Microsoft's IPMI driver. Note that the driver must be installed in the OS of the server. management tools can be installed on the server (local management) or remote clients (Remote Management ).
In Linux, The openipmi driver module is usually used to start/etc/init. d/IPMI start. After the IPMI driver is started, get the device number through CAT/proc/devices | grep ipmidev. For example, the device number obtained is 253, use mknod-m 600/dev/ipmi0 C 253 0 to create a file index. Then you can run various IPMI tools on the local server to obtain the corresponding server information.
4. Use ipmitool to obtain information locally.

Command for ipmitool local monitoring: ipmitool-I open command, where-I open indicates that the openipmi interface is used, and-I ms is commonly used in windows. Command has the following items:
A) Raw: Send an original IPMI request and print the reply information.
B) LAN: configure the network (LAN) Channel)
C) Chassis: view the chassis status and set the Power Supply
D) Event: Send a defined event to BMC to test whether the configured SNMP is successful.
E) MC: view the status and various allowed items of the MC (Management contollor ).
F) SDR: print all monitoring metrics in the sensor repository and the values read from the sensor.
G) sensor: Print detailed sensor information.
H) fru: print the built-in field replaceable unit (FRU) information.
I) SEL: Print System Event Log (SEL)
J) WordPress: sets the platform event filtering. The Event Filtering Platform filters events by using the policy in the WordPress when the monitoring system detects an event, and then checks whether an alarm is required.
K) SOL/isol: used to configure LAN monitoring through serial port
L) User: Set the user information in BMC.
M) channel: Set the management controller channel.
The ipmitool-I open sensor LIST command can be used to obtain various monitoring values in the sensor and the monitoring thresholds for this value, including (CPU temperature, voltage, fan speed, power modulation module temperature, power supply voltage and other information)
Ipmitool-I open sensor get "cpu0temp" can obtain the cpu0temp monitoring value with the ID. cpu0temp is the Sensor ID. the IDs of different servers are also different.
Ipmitool-I open sensor thresh <ID> <threshold> <setting> sets the monitoring item with the ID value equal to the ID.
Ipmitool-I open chassis status: view the chassis status, including the chassis power information and chassis working status.
Ipmitool-I open chassis restart_cause
Ipmitool-I open chassis policy list to view the supported chassis power policies.
The ipmitool-I open chassis power on command is used to start the chassis.
Ipmitool-I open chassis power off to close the chassis. Use this command to remotely start the instance.
Ipmitool-I open chassis power reset to implement hard restart. You can use this command to remotely start the instance.
IPMI can also set the boot device for the system. For details, see the ipmitool help documentation.
Ipmitool-I open Mc reset to restart BMC
Ipmitool-I open Mc info view BMC hardware information
Ipmitool-I open Mc getenables list all allowed options of BMC
Ipmitool-I open Mc setenables <option> = [ON | off]. Set the allowed/prohibited options for BMC.
Ipmitool-I open event 1 sends an excessively high-temperature message to the system event log. The following events can be sent:
(1) temperature: upper critical: going high
(2) voltage threshold: lower critical: going low
(3) memory: correctable ECC error detected
The ipmitool-I open event command can be used to test whether the SNMP function in the configured IPMI is successful.
Ipmitool-I open LAN print 1 prints the information of Channel 1.
Ipmitool-I open LAN set 1 ipaddr 10.10.113.95 set Channel 1 to 10.10.113.95
Ipmitool-I open LAN set 1 SNMP public set the SNMP community on channel 1 to public.
Ipmitool-I open LAN set 1 access on set Channel 1 to allow access.
Ipmitool-I open FFE info print platform Event Filtering (WordPress) Information
View the status of platform Event Filtering
Ipmitool-I open WordPress policy view platform Event Filtering (WordPress) Policy Settings
Ipmitool-I open SDR list fru reads and displays fru information.
Note: The WordPress is set by the BMC manufacturer firmware. ipmitool (v1.8.8) cannot be set.
5. Use ipmitool to obtain remote server information.

The ipmitool Command needs to access BMC through the corresponding interface. When obtaining information locally, it adopts-I open, which is the openipmi interface. The ipmitool command contains open, lan, and lanplus interfaces. Open refers to the communication between openipmi and BMC. The LAN communicates with BMC through the IPv4 UDP protocol over the Ethernet LAN. The UDP data segment contains the IPMI request/resoponse message. The message has an IPMI session header and RMCP header. IPMI supports operating system shutdown (pre-OS and OS-absent) Using Remote Management Control Protocol (RMCP) Version 1. RMCP sends data to UDP port 623. Like LAN interfaces, lanplus uses the UDP protocol of Ethernet LAN to communicate with BMC, but lanplus uses the RMCP + Protocol (as described in ipmiv2.0) to communicate, RMCP + allows the use of the modified authentication method and data integrity check. The open port is used by the local monitoring system. LAN/lanplus performs remote monitoring over the network.
When remotely obtaining server monitoring information, you must add the address of the remote server. Use the following command format:
Ipmitool-H 10.6.77.249-u root-P changeme-I LAN command.
-H indicates the server address followed by the user name,-u indicates that the user name followed by the user password, and-P indicates that the command is the same as the local retrieval information.