Virtualization VMware Workstation 10.0.x Installation Tutorial (graphics) _vmware

Outline Content

One, what is virtualization
Ii. Mainstream Virtualization Technologies
Third, the use of system virtualization
Iv. introduction of personal virtual machine software
V. Installation of VMware Workstation
Vi. Introduction to VMware workstation functions

Document Version	Update Time	Note
V1	2016-02-07

Version update information

Environment

Operating system version	Software version
Win 7 x64	VMware Workstation 10

One, what is virtualization

Virtualization (virtulization) is an abstract way of representing the resources of a computer. Virtualization enables the simplification of representation, access, and management of computer resources, including infrastructure, systems, and software, and provides a standard interface for these resources to accept input and provide output.
There are many kinds of virtualization technology, such as network virtualization, storage virtualization, Desktop virtualization, Application Virtualization, server virtualization, and so on, each type of virtualization has its own characteristics and focus. Where server virtualization is part of what we need to know below.

Ii. Mainstream Virtualization Technologies

2.1 RedHat KVM
Virtualization Mode: Full Virtualization
Architecture: Alien Architecture (Linux kernel); Bare metal structure rhev-h
Features: Bare metal architecture rhev-h or supports semi-virtualized virtio on key hard drives and network adapters to achieve optimal performance.
I/O protocol stack: KVM reuses the entire Linux I/O protocol stack, so KVM users naturally get the latest driver and I/O protocol stack improvements.
Schema diagram

2.2 VmWare ESX
Virtualization Mode: Full Virtualization
Structure: Bare Metal structure
I/O protocol stack: VMware chooses performance, putting the I/O stack into hypervisor. But VMware kernel is proprietary, meaning that your new hardware may take a while to get VMware's support.
Schema diagram

2.3 Citrix XenServer
Virtualization mode: Semi-virtualization, full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization
Structure: Bare Metal structure
Schema diagram

2.4 Microsoft Hyper-V
Virtualization mode: Semi-virtualization
Structure: Bare metal structure Hyper-V; Sojourn in Windows Server 2008
Schema diagram

Third, the use of system virtualization

The utility of system virtualization is mainly embodied in the following points:
Software testing, by using VirtualBox and VMware Workstation to configure test environments, is not only much quicker than physical, but also eliminates the need to buy a lot of expensive hardware and, more importantly, their own snapshot/ The pause feature makes it very easy to save the state of an error, which is very useful for communication between testers and programmers. There are already a lot of software testing in the form of virtual machines, and the most famous example is the Chrome OS beta release in the form of VirtualBox virtual machines. The first time I was exposed to virtualization is the power of software testing.
Desktop applications that enable users to use proprietary software from other platforms through desktop virtualization software such as VirtualBox and VMware Workstation For example, users who use Linux can access online banks that use ActiveX technology by VirtualBox the virtual Windows environment.
Server consolidation, with VMware ESX and Xen, to consolidate the workload on multiple physical machines onto a single physical machine. The existing general rate of integration is around 1:8, that is, the use of these software to the original need for eight physical machines to integrate the workload on a physical machine. Server consolidation can not only reduce the cost of hardware, energy and space, but also greatly simplify the complexity of the IT architecture.
Automated management through the use of similar DRS (distributed Resource scheduling, distributed resource scheduling), Live migration (Dynamic Migration), DPM (Distributed power Management, Advanced virtualization management technologies such as distributed power Management and HA (high availability, high-availability) can greatly improve the automation management of the entire data center.
Accelerate application deployment by introducing virtualized application publishing format OVF (Open virtualization format) to make it easier for third-party application vendors to publish applications, It also allows the system administrator to deploy the application very simply (in most cases, you can complete the deployment with a single click).

Iv. introduction of personal virtual machine software

    Virtual Machine is a complete computer system that runs in a completely isolated environment through software simulation with full hardware, and through virtual machine software, You can simulate another or more virtual computers on a physical computer that works just like a real computer, such as installing an operating system, installing applications, accessing network resources, and so on. For you, it's just an application running on your physical computer, but it's a real computer for an application running in a virtual machine.
    learning through virtual machine software or testing is the best way for beginners to learn. Under Windows, popular virtual machine software has VMware, virtual box, and virtual PCs that can virtualize multiple computers on a single physical machine.
VMware Virtualization solutions provider leader with good product performance, strong functionality, and support for platforms such as Windows,mac, Linux, etc. But the program is very bulky and expensive to charge.
Virtual Box is an open source virtual machine software that supports platforms such as Windows, Linux, and so on. Can be said to be the most powerful free virtual machine software, it is not only rich features, but also excellent performance. Functionality is slightly less than VMware, but it has been updated, and the new version is directly compatible with the virtual machines created by the old version. The program is compact, simple and easy to use.
Virtual PC is a free virtual machine product launched by Microsoft and only supports Windows platform. However, only Windows and OS/2 operating systems can be installed on this virtual machine, and compatibility issues may occur even if other operating systems are installed. Relatively small, easy to operate.

4.1 VMware Virtualization Products    
    VMware's products are mainly used by our VMware Workstation, VMware Server , VMware Player, and so on.
VMware ESX server:  VMware's most-used enterprise virtualization platform, which is an operating system in itself, independent of any other operating system, is easy to manage (web or VMware Infrastructure Client). Its essence is based on Linux customized thin Linux system, can support the virtual machine to start automatically with the physical machine, the biggest disadvantage is too little hardware support, in addition to the Enterprise network card (Broadcom, Intel, etc.) outside the mainstream integrated network card (Realtek, VIA, etc.) are not supported, In addition, data interchange (such as virtual machine backup, migration) is also relatively troublesome. Because of the high cost, many of the virtualization scenarios for large and medium enterprises.
VMware Server:vmware Server, formerly GSX Server, is a departmental virtual machine product for the workgroup, belonging to the hosted virtualization. That means you need to install the server version of the operating system (such as Windows Server 2008) on your hardware, and then install the product before you can create a virtual machine. Because it still needs to run on top of a fat operating system, it has a great impact on its performance. Virtualization software running on existing Windows or Linux, easy to configure, easy to backup and migrate, can support virtual machines to start automatically with the operating system, and the biggest disadvantage is that Windows version performance is much worse than workstation and player
VMware workstion: Simple configuration, easy backup, easy migration, good performance, support unity (pull the Virtual machine window directly to the host), support the virtual Machine 3d acceleration; The biggest disadvantage is that the native does not support the virtual machine to start automatically with the operating system, To implement automatic startup, you must define the command line yourself and use Windows Scheduled tasks or other self-startup scripts.
VMware player:3.0 is the same as the basic functionality of VMware Workstation and is completely free of charge and is recommended for use as an alternative to VMware workstation.

VMware Workstation is a powerful desktop virtual computer software that provides the best solution for users to run different operating systems simultaneously on a single desktop and to develop, test, and deploy new applications. VMware workstation can simulate a complete network environment on a physical machine, as well as a portable virtual machine, with better flexibility and advanced technology than any other virtual computer software on the market. For enterprise IT developers and system administrators, VMware's features in virtual networks, real-time snapshots, drag-and-drop shared folders, and PXE support make it an essential tool.

It can be said that VMWare Workstation is a consumer-level virtual machine software in the boss, whether from performance or peripheral functions are more powerful than other products, if you pursue a more comprehensive function, more technical characteristics, then you must try VMWare Workstation.

V. Installation of VMware Workstation

For the selection of VMware Workstation versions, based on experience

Win XP	VMware Workstation 5.5/6.0
Win 7	VMware Workstation 8.x/9.x/10.x
Win 8/win 10	VMware Workstation 11.x/12.x

VMware Workstation 10 is the latest product to be launched by VMware. VMware Workstation 10 is the perfect support for the latest Microsoft Windows 8.1 operating system, the first time to join the official Simplified Chinese language, not only can now transform the Windows 8.1 physical PC into a virtual machine, but also become more powerful, such as support 16 core CPU, 8TB SATA Hard disk, 64GB large capacity memory, brand-new virtual SATA hard disk controller, support 20 virtual network, USB3, improve the startup speed of program and system under virtual machine.

The following is a brief introduction, if you install VMware Workstation.

(1) Double-click Vmware-workstation-full-10.0.2-xxxxxxx.exe (preferably with right key, run as administrator). Go to the VMware Wrokstation Installation Wizard interface

(2) Click "Next" Directly

(3) Check "I accept the terms of the License Agreement" and click "Next"

(4) Here we choose "typical" installation, advanced users can choose "Custom" for more flexible customization.

(5) The installation file path, recommended to modify, because the need to occupy a larger space, select a larger disk space, and then "next"

(6) In order to avoid every time you open VMware Workstation, will pop up to check the update box puzzle, recommend to remove the tick, and then "next"

(7) Here at random, "next"

(8) Suggestions are checked, "next"

(9) Then enter the installation process, wait a few minutes, you can go for a cup of tea

(10) You can use any of the following VMware Workstation serial number registration (or you can also use the registration tool)

1y0lw-4wj9n-lz5g9-z81qp-92pn7ju052-f4j41-hzgm8-qu056-93p6y0y6dk-8h1dh-uz249-x2a5m-3am2mma664-af2e5-6zad9-gu15k-1ar1n

(11) Click "Finish", OK, to this VMware Workstation has been installed successfully. Use happy.

Start VMware Workstation, Yi, how to feel strange, the original is Chinese, has been using the English version, think or English look more comfortable, looking for a half-day unexpectedly without language options, egg pain ...

Google: Compared to the previous version, in the installation directory under the Messages folder more than ZH_CN, this package is the Chinese package, VMware boot will go to load this directory, as long as the directory renamed or deleted, and then restart is all English.

Vi. Introduction to VMware workstation functions

6.1 Open VNC Connection

You can bind one port for each virtual machine, and then use VNC Client for remote connections.

6.2 Connect a remote shared virtual machine

With the VMware Workstation Remote connectivity feature, you can connect to other VMware Workstation, vcenter server, ESXI servers.

After connecting to a remote host, you can upload a locally created virtual machine or download a virtual machine created on a remote host to local.

6.3 Accessing a remote shared virtual machine through the Web

Installing VMware WSX Server allows you to access virtual machines that are shared in VMware Workstation to clients via the web.

6.4 Mapping the disk of the virtual machine to the host

Mapping a virtual machine disk is to map the disk partition of the virtual machine to the actual physical computer disk partition and manipulate it. This feature allows you to map the virtual machine letter without powering on to the native letter to facilitate access to the files in the virtual machine. The steps for mapping virtual machine disks are as follows:

6.5 Map the host disk to the virtual machine

Of course, we can also map the host disk to the virtual machine to facilitate the virtual machine to read data.

6.6 Snapshot function

We must all be impressed by the Moonlight box in the "Dahua West Tour" of Star Ye. Now let's take a look at VMware's "Moonlight Box" snapshot.

The snapshot's English is Snapshot, the so-called snapshot function in VMware workstation, is to save the current state of the system running in the virtual machine (a mirror with a read-only attribute to a particular filesystem at a particular point in time) for subsequent recovery.

VMware supports multiple snapshots, which means that multiple snapshots can be created at different times for the same virtual machine, and that there is no limit to round-trip between any snapshots.

When we do experiments or do tests in a virtual machine, unavoidably encounter some complex, unfamiliar place, at this time to take a snapshot, back up the current system state, once the operation error, can quickly restore to the previous state, to avoid ever a knave situation, to avoid one step of failure led to restart the whole experiment. This saves disk space and improves productivity.

(1) Create a snapshot : If you want to save the state of a virtual machine, you can use the snapshot feature. You can click the Snapshot button on the toolbar, or click VM → Snapshot → Snapshot Manager. You can also press ctrl+m shortcut to enter the snapshot manager and click the Take snapshot button to create a snapshot.

(2) manage snapshots : After a snapshot is created, you can return to the snapshot state from another state at any time. So when you install or configure a test, you can create a snapshot in a critical location. When an installation or test fails, you can quickly return to the snapshot or start a new test or experiment from the snapshot. When you create a snapshot, you can select the snapshot and then click the Go To button to return to the snapshot point. Click the "Snapshot"-"Snapshot Manager" command to make it easy to manage snapshots, Delete, Clone, and so on.

(3) restore snapshots : If you create a snapshot for your system, you can see the snapshots you have created under VM-Snapshot. If you want to revert to a snapshot, select the name of a snapshot, and then pop up the recovery confirmation box: Would you like to restore the snapshot?

In principle, each virtual machine can create any snapshot without restrictions and the creation process is very fast. A virtual machine snapshot is just a mirror of a read-only property for a particular filesystem at a specific time, saving some state files for the current virtual machine system, and a relatively small amount of disk space, but limited to the remaining space in the partition on which the virtual machine resides. So if you create multiple snapshots, you should have enough hard disk space.

6.8 Screen Capture

VMware Workstation can easily crawl the screen that captures the virtual machine system. "VM"-"Capture screen"

6.7 System hangs

Sometimes when doing experiments may be for some reason, will interrupt the experiment, there is no way to freeze the current system state, and so on, immediately restore it? The answer is yes.

Suspend suspend is defined so that the virtual machine can record the state of the current virtual system, the next time you can use resume to restore the status of the selection pending, so as to continue to work. So when you hang up, the program is not running, but it is not finished, just temporarily frozen.

The suspension in the virtual machine, relative to the hibernation virtual machine, the virtual machine will be the current memory information to the hard disk of the specific virtual machine hard disk files, the next time the boot to load the file start to restore the state before the suspension. When suspended, the virtual machine is in a shutdown state.

6.7.1 hangs up a problem

When the system hangs, it will be fixed to the state of a certain moment. The equivalent of time, space frame. When VMware suspends the virtual machine resume, time is suspended. So there is a problem that the time is inconsistent with the current time.

Method One:

Use the Ntpdate command to join the scheduled task, timed synchronization time.

# date-s 02/08/2016 #将系统时间设定成下午11点12分0秒的命令如下. # date-s 11:12:00 #注意, this is about system time, Linux is maintained by the operating system. Of course, you can also sync time through the NTP service # yum-y install ntpdate#/usr/sbin/ntpdate 129.6.15.28# clock-w

When the system starts, the Linux operating system reads the time from the CMOS to the system time variable, and later modifies the time by modifying the system time. To keep the system time consistent with the CMOS time, Linux writes the system time to the CMOS at intervals. Since this synchronization takes place every once in a while (about 11 minutes), after we perform date-s, if the machine is immediately reset, the modification time may not be written to CMOS, which is the cause of the problem. If you want to ensure that the changes take effect, you can execute the following command.

# clock-w #这个命令强制把系统时间写入CMOS

Method Two:

Install the VMware Tools tool.

6.8 Clone clones

Said the snapshot, then, what is the clone of the virtual machine? In VMware software, cloning and snapshot functions are similar, but different, slightly less attention will be confusing.

A clone of a virtual machine is a copy of the entire state of the original virtual machine, or a mirror. The cloning process does not affect the original virtual machine, once the cloned operation is completed, the cloned virtual machine can be isolated from the original virtual machine, and the operation in the cloned virtual machine and the original virtual machine is relatively independent and does not affect each other. During the cloning process, VMware generates a different MAC address and UUID from the original virtual machine, which allows the cloned virtual machine and the original virtual machine to appear on the same network without any conflicts.

The cloning process can either install the current state of the virtual machine, or it can be manipulated by an existing clone mirror or mirror of the snapshot.

VMware supports two kinds of cloning methods:

Full clone: A complete clone provides a copy of the current state of the original virtual machine, can run independently, but takes up more disk space.

Link cloning (linked clone): A linked clone points to the original virtual machine, takes up a small amount of disk space, but relies on the original virtual machine and cannot be run independently from the original virtual machine.

6.8.1 Full Clone

A full clone is a completely independent copy of the original virtual machine and does not share any resources with the original virtual machine. Can be used independently from the original virtual machine. We know that installing and configuring a customer operating system and related applications in a virtual machine takes a long time, and a full clone of a virtual machine can significantly save time on configuring the client's operating system and reduce the configuration process errors. Full cloning allows configured client operating systems to be distributed in a convenient manner to multiple users using the same client environment.

6.8.2 Link Cloning

Linked clones need to share the same virtual disk file with the original virtual machine and cannot run independently from the original virtual machine. However, the use of shared disk files greatly reduces the time it takes to create a cloned virtual machine, while also saving valuable physical disk space.

The difference between 6.8.3 snapshots and clones

6.9 BIOS Setup

How do I get into the bios of a virtual machine?

(1) After the start of the virtual machine, immediately mad press F2 Key, if: The mouse must be virtual machine to capture the line.

For Hange students, don't worry, you can go directly to the BIOS by setting up the boot: "VM"-"power"-"power on to BIOS"

(2) In the above window, the F2 key is to enter the BIOS setup interface, the F12 key is the network boot, ESC key is the virtual machine on boot when press this key to enter the boot option interface.