VMware Virtualization Technology

Virtualization of
Defined:
The hardware resources from physical to logical way, breaking the original physical structure, so that users can flexibly manage these resources, and allow 1 physical machines to run multiple operating systems at the same time, to achieve maximum resource utilization and flexible management of a technology.


Advantage:
(1) Reduce the number of servers, reduce hardware procurement costs.
(2) Maximize resource utilization.
(3) Reduce the room space, heat dissipation, the cost of electricity consumption.
(4) Dynamic adjustment of hardware resources. Increase flexibility.
(5) High availability.
(6) The physical hardware can be adjusted without interrupting the service.
(7) Reduce management costs.
(8) More efficient capacity for disaster preparedness.



VMware VSphere
Enterprise-Class virtualization solutions. The core component is exsi.

Exsi:
is the operating system, using the Linux kernel (VMKernel), the bare metal method installed on the physical server.

VSphere:
Virtualized servers:
A physical server that provides CPU and memory virtualization resources through network services. ESXi can be installed directly on the hardware.

Storage network:
Core, storing virtualized data. Resources are managed and distributed centrally by vsphere, using storage technologies such as San,nas.

Network services:
Connect all devices with network bandwidth not less than gigabit.

Centralized Management Server (VCenter):
VMotion (Dynamic Migration)
HA (Downtime migration)

Multiple exsi can be composed into a single cluster, then unified management and resource sharing.

Client (vClient):
Users connect to ESXi or vcenter to manage and assign various resources.
There are vclient and webvclient.

Version of vsphere:
Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Enterprise Enhanced Edition.


VSphere's License:
There is a 60-day evaluation period by default.
Assigned license keys, ESXi can be assigned any combination.


Installation Environment:
ESXi5.5
Server selection:
Rack-mount and blade type.
Brand.
Hardware selection:
The 64-bit system runs X86CPU the server.
A minimum of 2 cores of CPU.
4GB of physical memory.
Turn on hardware virtualization.
Gigabit NIC.
Controller:
SCSI controller.
RAID controller.

Hardware compatibility:
https://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/search.php


vClient5.5 Minimum hardware configuration:
CPU, single core, 1GHZ processor recommended.
Memory, recommended 1GB
HDD 1.5GB
Network Gigabit Net



Virtual network card:
E1000:
The virtual version of the Intel 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet card is available for most systems.

Vmxnet:
VMware Tools must be installed to use.

VMXNET2:
provides powerful functionality. Hardware offload.

VMXNET3:
High-performance quasi-virtualized NIC.




Vcenter Server:
Infrastructure core, resources are shared between virtual machines.
is a service that acts as the central administrator of an ESXi host connected to the network.

To install the prerequisite components:
(1) VCenter single sign-on
Authentication Service, a secure token exchange mechanism that communicates with each other.
(2) VCenter Inventory Service:
Store application and inventory data to search for and access inventory objects.

(3) VSphere Web vClient:
The browser manages the ESXi host application.

Installation Environment:
Operating system:
Using 64-bit Windows Server 2008
1 databases, Oracle and SQL Server
Connect to the database using a 64-bit system DSN.
Hardware requirements:
CPU Core 2, Speed 2GHz,
The size of the memory determines the size of the list
The inventory size determines how many virtual machines can be controlled.

To install vsphere Web vClient:
Hardware configuration:
CPU 2.0GHz four-core processor
Memory 2GB
HDD 2GB
Network Gigabit Net




ESXi Network:
Physical network:
Enable normal communication between physical servers.

Virtual network:
Built on top of the physical network.
A network that is logically connected between virtual machines running on an ESXi host in order to communicate with each other.


ESXi Network components:
(1) Physical network card (vmnic)
Connect multiple physical network devices.

(2) Virtual network card (VNIC)
Connect virtual switches to ensure proper communication with each other.

(3) Virtual Switch (vSwitch)
Provided by the ESXi kernel,
Ensure that the virtual machine and the management interface communicate with each other.

Divided into:
Standard switches:
3 types of port groups.
Virtual Machine Port Group:
Connect virtual machines on ESXi and communicate with each other. Can be connected to the outside network (vmnic).

VMKernel:
ESXi hosts provide the advanced capabilities of vsphere over a network connection.
NIC Tearm:
Increase throughput by connecting multiple vmnic to the same port/port group at the same time. Link redundancy.

Distributed switches:
Multiple ESXi can be managed centrally.
Unified management costs for multiple esxi, traffic monitoring and control, private VLAN,
Provides a distributed port/port group.

A port group member is a port that is connected to an ESXi host's Vmkernel or Vnic, and you can specify the configuration for each port.
You can define a connection to the network through distributed switching.





ESXi Storage:

ESXi Storage:
Provides host-level storage virtualization.
Divided into:
Local storage:
Scsi,ide,sate,sas and other storage systems. Sharing is not supported between multiple ESXi hosts.

External storage:
External storage via network connection, SAN,ISCSI, NFS and other storage protocols,
Data can be accessed by multiple ESXi hosts, and vMotion can be implemented.



Openfiler:
A free NAS/ISCSI San server system.
Provides a standalone storage system for LAN hosts.
Nfs,smb,iscsi,target and many other connection methods.
HTTP management, access to data via: iSCSI initiator, shared folders and Mount implementations.


VMotion:
Thermal migration for easy maintenance and reduction of faults.

Migration process:
(1) Vcenter verifies the virtual machine and ESXi host status.
(2) The source ESXi host clones the virtual machine memory to the new ESXi host.
(3) The source ESXi host records the memory information on the memory map and clones it to the new ESXi host.
(4) The new Exsi then recovers the memory data according to the memory map.
(5) Finally run the virtual machine on the new Exsi host. Delete the memory data from the source ESXi host.

Requirements:
Physical network must be connected
The virtual machines to be migrated must be stored externally in shared storage.
1 gigabit NIC for vmotion.
Standard switch, the same as the Port Group Network label for all ESXi hosts.
The CPU brand is consistent.






Storage vs. Virtual Host Management

VCenter:
Full clone:
is completely independent from the original virtual machine and does not share resources with the original virtual machine and is isolated from the original virtual machine.

Linked clones:
Shares the same vdisk file with the original virtual machine and cannot run independently from the original virtual machine.

Virtual machine templates:
Each time a similar virtual machine needs to be cloned, it is initiated through a template.

Virtual Machine Snapshot:
A backup of the VMDK file for the virtual machine at a point in time.
When taking a snapshot, the source vmdk is frozen in a read-only state.

Create a snapshot file at the same time. All modified data is written to the snapshot file.

Snapshot recovery:
The system discards the snapshot file contents and rolls back to the state of the source VMDK file.

Note: The source VMDK file is corrupted and will not resume properly.





Virtual Machine Backup:

OVF Template:
An open, public, and secure virtual machine compression format with a. ova extension.


VDP (vsphere Data Protection):
Reliable and easy to deploy. Perform efficient, centralized management of backup jobs.

           stores backups on destination storage that has been de-duplicated.


  version:
         VDP:
                  supports up to 100 virtual machines and 2TB of storage space.

        VDP Advanced:
                  supports 400 virtual machines and 8TB of storage space.
                  support for application-level replication.
                  for guest-level backup and recovery.
     

However, permission is required to use it.



VPower:
For data protection in virtualized environments.
Ensure reliability and improve data protection and disaster recovery.

Working principle:
Publish the compressed backup as a normal vmdk file.
Run the virtual machine directly from the backup.
Create an isolated environment. Application recovery, recovery verification, testing and troubleshooting.


Veeam Backup & Replication:
Support VMware and Hyper-V to reduce disaster recovery costs.

Advantage:
Instant virtual machine recovery.
U-air (Universal application Recovery)
Surebackup Recovery Verification
SMARTCDP data protection.

This article is from the "Enron Smile" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://liyuanjie.blog.51cto.com/12877605/1963559

VMware Virtualization Technology