What is the computer board?

The motherboard uses an open architecture. There are 6-15 expansion slots on the motherboard, which are plugged into the control card (adapter) of the PC peripheral device. By replacing these cards, the corresponding subsystems of the microcomputer can be upgraded locally, so that the manufacturers and users have more flexibility in configuring the models. In a word, the motherboard plays an important role in the whole microcomputer system. It can be said that the type and grade of the motherboard determines the type and grade of the whole microcomputer system, the performance of the motherboard affects the performance of the whole microcomputer system.

Working principle

Under the circuit board, is a patchwork of circuit wiring, in the above, it is angular components: slots, chips, resistors, capacitors and so on. When the host power up, the current will be instantaneous through the CPU, North-South bridge chip, memory slot, AGP slot, PCI slot, IDE interface, as well as the motherboard edge of the serial port, PS/2 interface, and so on. The motherboard then identifies the hardware based on the BIOS (basic input and output system) and enters the operating system to perform the function of supporting the system platform.

Chip classification

Intel:socket386, Socket486, Socket586, Socket686, Socket370 (810 motherboard, 815 motherboard), Socket478 (845 motherboard, 865 motherboard), LGA 775 (915 motherboard, 945 motherboard , 965 motherboard, G31 motherboard, P31 motherboard, G41 motherboard, P41 motherboard), LGA 1156 (H55 motherboard, H57 motherboard, P55 motherboard, P57 motherboard, Q57 motherboard), LGA 1155 (H61 motherboard, H67 motherboard, P67 motherboard), LGA 1366 ( X58 motherboard)

Amd:socket AM2 (770 motherboard, 780G motherboard, 785G motherboard, 790GX motherboard), am2+ (same AM2), AM3 (870G motherboard, 880G motherboard, 890GX motherboard, 890FX motherboard), FM1 (A55 motherboard, A75 motherboard)

The same level of CPU often also has a further division, such as Pentium Motherboard, there is whether to support more Pentium (P55C,MMX requirements of the motherboard built double voltage), whether support Cyrix 6x86, AMD 5k86 (are Pentium-class CPU, require the motherboard has better heat dissipation) and other differences.

These chipsets are integrated with CPU, CACHE, i/0 and bus control more than 586 of the motherboard on the role of the chipset is particularly important. Intel's chipsets for 586 motherboards are: LX early chipsets for Pentium 60 and 66MHz CPUs

· NX Neptune (Neptune), which supports CPUs above Pentium MHz, is popular before the introduction of the Intel 430 FX chipset, and is now rare.

· FX has the chipset in both 430 and 4,402 series, which is used for Pentium and the latter for Pentium Pro. HX Intel 430 series, for high reliability requirements of commercial microcomputers. The VX Intel 430 series is optimized and streamlined for common multimedia applications on a HX basis. There is a tendency to be replaced by TX. The latest chipset for the TX Intel 430 series is optimized for Pentium MMX technology. GX, KX Intel 450 series, for Pentium PRO,GX for server design, KX for workstations and high-performance desktop PCs. MX Intel 430 Series, dedicated to the Pentium-level chipset for laptops, see Intel 430 MX chipset. Non-Intel's chipsets are: The 586 chipset produced by VT82C5XX series via company.

· SIS series SIS Company produced, in the non-Intel chipset is a great reputation.

· Opti Series Opti Company produced, the use of less motherboard.

Structure classification

· At the standard size of the motherboard, IBM pc/a machine first used and named, some 486, 586 motherboards are also used at the structure of the layout

· Baby at Pocket size motherboard, smaller than at motherboard, hence the name. A lot of original machine integration motherboard first adopted this motherboard structure

· ATX &127; Improved at motherboards, optimized for component layouts on the motherboard, better heat dissipation and integration, needs to be used with dedicated ATX Chassis

• Integration (all in one) the motherboard integrated the sound, display and other circuits, generally do not need to card can work, with a high degree of integration and space-saving advantages, but also have difficulties in maintenance and upgrade difficult shortcomings. In the original brand machine used more

· NLX Intel's latest motherboard structure, the biggest feature is the motherboard, the upgrade of the CPU flexible and efficient, no longer need to update each one of the CPU motherboard design In addition to some of the above motherboard deformation structure, such as ASUS Motherboard on a large number of 3/4 Baby at the size of the motherboard structure.

Functional classification

· PnP functions with a PNP BIOS motherboard with PNP operating system (such as Win95) to help users automatically configure host peripherals, "Plug and Play"

• Energy-saving (green) features generally at the time of the Power Star (Energy Star) logo, can be used when the user does not use the host automatically into the waiting and hibernation state, during this period to reduce the CPU and the power consumption of the components

• No jumper boards This is a new type of motherboard that is further improved on the PNP motherboard. In this kind of motherboard, even the type of CPU, working voltage and so do not need to use the jumper switch, are automatically recognized, just use the software slightly adjusted. The remark CPU will not hide on this motherboard. 486 previous motherboards generally do not have the above features, more than 586 of the motherboards are equipped with PNP and energy-saving functions, some of the original brand in the machine can also control the main engine through the motherboard, further intelligent on/off, this in the compatible motherboard is still very rare, but certainly is a future development direction. No jumper boards will be another direction for the motherboard development.

Other categories

• According to the structure of the motherboard classification can also be divided into a CPU based on the motherboard, based on the adapter circuit motherboard, integrated motherboard and other types. CPU-based integration of the motherboard is a better choice at present.

• According to the printed circuit board of the process classification can be divided into two-tier structure board, four-storey structure board, six-storey structure, and so on, currently four-storey structure plate products.

• By component installation and welding process classification and surface installation of welding process Board and Dip Traditional craft board.

Sort by CPU sockets, such as Socket 7 motherboard, Slot 1 motherboard, and so on.

Classification by memory capacity, such as 16M motherboard, 32M motherboard, 64M motherboard, etc.

Plug and Play categories, such as PnP motherboards, non-PNP motherboards, and so on.

According to the system bus bandwidth classification, such as 66MHZ motherboard, 100MHZ motherboard and so on.

Sorted by data port, such as SCSI motherboard, EDO Motherboard, AGP motherboard, etc.

Classification by expansion slot, such as EISA Motherboard, PCI motherboard, USB motherboard, etc.

According to the manufacturer classification, such as Lenovo Motherboard, ASUS Motherboard, gigabyte motherboard and so on.