Why abnormal signal attenuation occurs in LAN cables?

A small company encountered some problems on its LAN. After some tests, a technician determined that the copper media supporting the LAN experienced abnormal signal attenuation. What are the possible causes of this problem? UTP unshielded twisted pair cables) What are the causes of Crosstalk in cables? What are the consequences of Crosstalk in networks with high transmission frequencies?

Abnormal signal attenuation means that the signal has been transmitted online, but the signal strength is decreasing. There are many reasons for this problem, mainly because of poor line connection or long cables. The following table shows the technical specifications of the cable length. This is the maximum length of various connections. Keep these standards in mind. If your cable connection does not exceed this standard, you still encounter signal attenuation problems, you need to check the cable itself. Any unnaturally curved or inappropriate terminal will cause signal attenuation problems.

Ethernet cable Summary
Technical Specifications	Cable Type	Maximum length
10 BaseT	Unshielded twisted pair wires	100 meters
10Base2	Coaxial Cable	185 meters
10Base5	Coarse coaxial cable	500 meters
10 BaseF	Optical Fiber	2000 meters
100 BaseT	Unshielded twisted pair wires	100 meters
100 BaseTX	Unshielded twisted pair wires	220 meters

For unshielded twisted pair wires, crosstalk will certainly cause serious problems and signal attenuation. When the isolation between two signals or the barrier is reduced, the two cables will interfere with each other, so a crosstalk occurs. Crosstalk occurs when the same cable is used for multiple connections. The standard organization calls this phenomenon short circuit. In CAT 5e and CAT 6 cables, this terminal generally has four pairs of cables. For some connections, I have seen that a data connection only uses two pairs of lines. The other two pairs are used for other data connections. This connection method does have a problem. When a signal is uploaded to or transmitted over these lines, a crosstalk occurs when the signal encounters a noisy signal on the other line. If the cable is correctly laid, the crosstalk and abnormal signal attenuation will not occur.

Using the correct connection method and paying attention to the details, the high transmission frequency should not encounter problems. Only connections and facilities with poor quality can cause network exceptions when high transmission rates are required.