World's top ten physicists selected by the world of Physics Magazine

Britain's world of physics has selected 10 of the greatest physicists in human history. They are: 1. Einstein;

2. Newton;

3. Maxwell;

4. Bohr;

5. Heisenberg;

6. Galileo;

7. Feynman;

8. Dirac;

9. Schrödinger;

10. Rutherford.

These ten physicists are undoubtedly the example of our study, their study, life and work are worthy of our study. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the basic situation of ten physicists.

1 births and profiles
Albert Einstein: Born March 14, 1879 in the city of Ulm in southern Germany, the father runs a small factory, family economy is more difficult, several move. 6-year-old mother began to teach him to play the violin. He married Malik in 1903, with two sons in 1903 and 1910, divorced in 1919 and married to Cousin Irsa Roventha. )。 April 18, 1955 died in the United States of America, New Jersey.
Newton: December 25, 1642 (the old Julian calendar) was born in the northern United Kingdom of Lincoln County, your Sopu (remote rural), is a premature baby. His father died two months before his birth, and at the age of 3, her mother remarried and was brought up by her grandmother. Life is not married (young scars affect life AH!!!) )。 March 20, 1727 died of a urinary system disease.
Maxwell: Born November 13, 1831 in Edinburgh, England. 8-year-old mother. Among the ancestors were scholars, poets, musicians and so on. Father is a lawyer, knowledgeable, broad interests, often with Maxwell listen to lectures. 1877 had stomach cancer, November 5, 1879 only 48 years old (young, is to serve the wife!!!) Maxwell died in Cambridge, England.
Bohr: Born October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark, the father is a famous professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen. Bohr hour Houchang Some philosophers and physicists discussed the problem with his father. Married in 1912, son A and Bohr won the Nobel Prize in physics. November 18, 1962 died of a heart attack in Copenhagen.
Heisenberg: Born December 5, 1901 in Wulzburg, Germany, the father was a middle school teacher, Heisenberg was 9 years old when his father became a professor at the University of Munich, so the family moved to Munich. Heisenberg a total of 7 children (is simply an excess guerrillas!!!) )。 February 1, 1976 died of cancer in the Munich home.
Galileo: February 15, 1564 born in the Republic of Florence (now Italy) of Pisa, the father is a musician, composer and mathematician, the mother was born in the nobility, the family is very picky. January 8, 1642 Assetiri died in the Republic of Florence.
Feynman: Born May 11, 1918 in Manhattan District, New York City, the father was a salesman from Minsk, Belarus, to the United States. 1942 he married the middle school lover Grimbam (Puppy love!!!) ), June 16, 1945 wife died; the 1950s second marriage, but soon divorced (Playboy!!!) ); 1960 Married with Gwinnesch Howasch, the same year son was born (Hale!!! ), and adopted a daughter in 1968. Feynman died in Los Angeles, USA on February 15, 1988, after 10 years of cancer.
Dirac: Born August 8, 1902 in Bristol, England, Gloss, the father is a French teacher, he is very advocating reading, to Dirac's very strict. Tallahassee died in Fliroda state in 1984.
Schrödinger: August 12, 1887 born in Vienna, Austria, is the only child (in line with China's National policy!!! ), the mother is a chemistry professor's daughter, the father is a successful tarpaulin factory owner. Schrödinger poetry has received a wide range of education, wide range of interests, good talent, primary School, please tutor class. He considered his father to be his friend, mentor and tireless companion. died in Vienna on January 4, 1961.
Rutherford: Born in 1871 in the rural mountainous area near Nelson, New Zealand, Chun Lin (later renamed Bridgewater), at the age of 15, moved with his family to Punta Garhu. The father planted flax there and opened a textile mill, and his mother was a teacher. Because of the large family population, childhood life is not rich. He went to the University of Cambridge in 1895 and later entered the British state. died in 1937 at Cambridge Hospital in England.
The top ten physicists are divided by place of birth: 3 in the UK, 2 in Germany, 1 in Denmark, 1 in Italy, 1 in Austria, 1 in the United States and 1 in New Zealand. It can be seen that 8 of them are in Europe. This also fully illustrates the 3 century, the center of the Scientific Development in Europe. Ten physicists in the family background and educational environment, Bohr, Heisenberg and Galileo 3 from experts to teach families, Maxwell, Feynman, Dirac and Schrödinger poems 4 from the Living and educational environment of the family, and Einstein, Newton and Rutherford 3 were born in the environment of the poorer families. This shows that the environment good family and environmental conditions of poor families can cultivate outstanding talent, family economic conditions and educational environment is not a necessary condition for talent.
The marriage and family situation of the top ten physicists differ greatly. There are many divorces for a lifetime, and there are a lot of children, and there are very good children and children (each with their own perverts). In short, they are scientifically outstanding, and there is no difference between marriage and family with ordinary people, they also have to endure the family's distress and the pressure of life.
Ten physicists except Maxwell live only 48 years old, the remaining 9 lives average life expectancy at 75.9 years old. It can be seen that these physicists, despite their lifelong commitment to science, struggled for it, but this did not affect their lifespan. They are still relatively long, the oldest Newton lived 85 years old (the rest of the ox is holding the money to sleep, can not live long?) )。

2 personality and Hobbies
Einstein: 6 years old with his mother to learn to play the violin, 14-year-old stage performance. Love music, like playing the violin for life. History, Geography, language performance is poor, has been school dropout (ah ha, I do not know whether the small love exam did not cheat). Before the theory of relativity, a number of young people were often discussed with each other.
Newton: Childhood results are very poor, is a well-known "inferior life". Character a little withdrawn. Love to make gadgets.
Maxwell: Lively, can ride, will make small toys, is the pole vault expert. 15-year-old mathematical excellence in the Journal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh published a geometrical paper (he is Zhong Ke Banton graduated from the school? )。
Bohr: When he was a child, he used to do small physics experiments with his father.
Heisenberg: Like to carry backpack with young friends, with dry food, map long-distance travel. Enjoy the scenery while traveling to discuss the problem (Outdoor edition honorary Moderator: P), is a ping-pong fan, do not like to deal with the instrument.
Galileo: Good at observation, good at thinking. 10-year-old has been extraordinary.
Feynman: Smart, good grades from a small school.
Dirac: Like natural science especially mathematics from childhood.
Schrödinger: Hour tutoring has revealed talent. In addition to like maths, physics, but also like language. He is good at writing poetry and is enthusiastic about climbing and going to the theatre (these items can be used to pick up girls).
Rutherford: Good grades, skillful hands, and small repairs to clocks. (This sentence is very rhyming)
from the above, we can see: The top ten physicists are not all seem smart from childhood. This means that children who are not smart at a young age do not necessarily succeed. Most of the top ten physicists have a hobby other than science, such as love tourism, perhaps it is these hobbies broaden their thinking, inspire their scientific inspiration, so as to achieve success. Some of them like to discuss with others, of course, not necessarily all discuss scientific issues, these discussions can broaden the scope of knowledge, broaden their horizons, is worth learning. Many of them from childhood love hands-on, small experiments, small production of interest, which is also worthy of our study.

3 major contributions to science and age for making the most outstanding achievements
Einstein: 26-year-old published "Special relativity" and "photoelectric effect" paper, 37-year-old published "General relativity."
Newton: 23~24岁 created calculus, discovered the law of gravitation, three laws of motion and many properties of light, invented the reflective telescope, and published the Mathematical Principles of natural philosophy at the age of 45.
Maxwell: 29~34岁 founded the theory of electromagnetic field, 42 years old published the theory of electricity and magnetism.
Bohr: 28-year-old completed 3 papers on the theory of atomic structure, 51-year-old proposed droplet model of the nucleus.
Heisenberg: 24-year-old invented matrix mechanics, 26-year-old found the "uncertainty principle."
Galileo: The 25-year-old demonstrated his falling principle, 45-year-old telescope and observation of the Moon, 68-year-old published the two world system of Ptolemy and Copernicus dialogue.
Feynman: 22-year-old published "Feynman diagram", 43-year-old published "Quantum electrodynamics."
Dirac: The 25-year-old began to study the quantum electrodynamics, 28-year-old published "Principles of Quantum Mechanics", 30-year-old proposed yuan-limited vacuum polarization effect.
Schrödinger: 34~39岁 studied theoretical physics at the University of Zurich, 38~39岁 discovered the Schrödinger Bay equation and formed the wave dynamics.
Rutherford: 24-year-old distinguished $\alpha$, self-radiation, 40-year-old found atomic nuclear structure, 48-year-old proton found.
It is clear that the pioneering work done by the ten physicists was at their young age, with the overwhelming majority at more than 20 years old and 6 not exceeding 25 years old. Older, generally only do some operational work and summary of work. This point is worthy of our attention. Pioneering work requires active thinking and rational thinking.
There are many major technological innovation projects that must be conducted by people with high academic qualifications (such as a PhD degree). According to China's academic system, students read the post-doctoral age is about 30 years old, then participate in scientific and technological research has exceeded the average person's gold innovation time. To open a research-study curriculum, to carry out various forms of exploration and research should start from childhood. Ten physicists have many places worth studying and studying.

World's top ten physicists selected by the world of Physics Magazine