Yuan Qinghua porcelain and Hangzhou: The color of the shepherd

Tag: Whole chimney demolition

Figure 1 yuanqinghua Audio/Video View Figure 2 yuanqingbai glaze Bagua Incense Burner

Shen xianyu, Hangzhou

In 1276 AD, the treasure of the railway ride came to Hangzhou, flattened the Southern Song Dynasty, broke the pure and elegant Blue porcelain, just like qingyu, and brought different colors to China's porcelain, it is a blue-white porcelain-the blue and white flowers.

Blue is a porcelain made of white and blue. Kiln workers use Cobalt material in the white carcass painting, after the completion of a layer of transparent glaze, and then into the porcelain kiln through a high temperature of more than 1200 deg C Once burned. The successful Blue Porcelain cobalt shows the elegant blue. In Hangzhou, a total of four blue and green flowers were unearthed. The first time was in March 1978, a tomb from the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan dynasty was found at the construction site of the radio school dormitory in wensan Street, Hangzhou, and three blue-and-white porcelain figures were unearthed. At the same time, there was also a white porcelain gossip incense burner, 3 white porcelain lamps, 1 "Cardinal" yunyan grain bowl and a tomb.

Yuanqinghua Guanyin: the statue is in the shape of a "Mountain", which is big and leaning forward. There are two steps, Guanyin is sitting in the center, and a lady is standing at the bottom of the left and right. Guanyin wore a fengguan, a long dress, a shoulder shawl, a full foot, and hands in the abdomen. The left and right maids hold fruit disks separately, and the body is slightly sideways. On the left, the lady shaping a deer, and on the right, the lady shaping a crane. The front of Guanyin is filled with water. The eyes, eyebrows, headwear, collars, shawls, and sleeves of Guanyin and the female were colored and used in brown color. Guanyin chest painted green flowers Ruyi grain, blue and white hair gray. The hangzhou museum of Tibet (figure 1 ).

Yuan qingbai porcelain gossip Incense Burner: Light Disc mouth, straight belly, bottom circle. There are three animal shapes on the outside. The carcass is slightly coarse and loose. Shi qingbai glaze. The abdominal wall is printed with gossip lines (figure 2 ).

Yuan qingbai porcelain Lotus Lamp (3): lamp open, shallow abdomen, a tubular lamp core in the middle and the lower lamp base connected, high ring foot outside. The carcass is thick and hard. Shi qingbai glaze, not inferior to the bottom. The lotus leaf pattern of the exterior wall of the lamp (figure 3 ).

Figure 4 yuan yunyan grain bowl of the "Cardinal"

Yuan "Cardinal" yunyan grain Bowl: open, shallow abdomen, full circle, heel split. Application of cardinal glaze, glazed milk turbidity, duck egg blue. Inside the decoration print shuangyanxiangyun. As a flying goose, the "Cardinal" is printed on the top of its wings. Text is vaguely identifiable because the glaze is turbid (figure 4 ).

A piece of tomb is irregular. The handwriting is fuzzy and recognizable. Zhi Wen: "in June July, a total of three lines of 41 words. The inscription shows that there are two tomb owners, both of whom are women. Mingan AER, the leader, is the great-sun of one of the tomb owners. The blue-and-white figures unearthed from the tomb, said Mr. Feng xiiming, a ceramics expert at the Palace Museum. The age is from the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan dynasty (July 1276 ). The Hangzhou yuanqinghua audiovisual system was the oldest of the Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white porcelain that was found at that time.

The discovery of yuanqinghua audio and video has aroused great attention from scholars both at home and abroad. However, the Yuan dynasty has two to the year of the Yuan Dynasty, and two to the year of the Year of the C dynasty. There are always different points of view in the ceramic industry for the problem between the front and back ends. Based on the unearthed artifacts and tombs, we will make further research from the following aspects.

The first is the general age of the "pivot" yunyan grain bowl. In the Yuan Dynasty, the "Cardinal" Porcelain had not yet been finalized. The whole chimney was demolished at http://www.66gk?com/product-97.html], but the natural world of domestic and foreign products was generally later than 1278. Yuan Shizu kubeli was founded in Jingdezhen in the 15th year (1278. In the Yuan Dynasty, "the government" is short for an important military institution "the Council. Therefore, the yunyan grain bowl unearthed from the tomb with the "Fu" should be a set burner of the ". According to some published articles about gaoan bucket, the decoration and shape of this bowl are similar to those of gaoan products. From the perspective of the age, the cut-off generations of gaoan bucket should be established before the eleventh year (1351. The time for this "Cardinal" bowl in Hangzhou should be earlier than that of the Cardinal porcelain in gaoan. Based on this, the hub Porcelain Bowl in Hangzhou should be the early hub Porcelain of the Year of the past. According to the "Yuan history" records: "the ranking of the Cardinal courtyard is from one product. ." No one dared to rashly burn the "Cardinal" Porcelain before such an important military institution had set up a specialized porcelain-making institution. Therefore, the argument that the tomb was placed before the yuan (1276) could not be justified.

Next, let's talk about "mingan AER" in the tomb ". The name of the Mongolian people in the Yuan Dynasty has a special feature: they like to use a totem, A hero of worship, or a plant as their own name. If everyone thinks that someone is a hero, many people will get the same name as this hero. Therefore, Yuan dynasty people have many identical names. For example, James ainger found three pieces in the biography of the first man. There are several other materials with the same name, such as Yuanshi. Therefore, we cannot determine which mingan answer is from this log.

Third, about the time when the monument was created. In ancient times, we used to use the arms, commonly known as 60 children. The year, month, and day are all calculated using this method. There is the word "" in the tomb. After checking "Chinese and Western calendars", we found that there was no "" day in January. In, that is, the period from the Yuan Dynasty to the second-year month of the Yuan Dynasty is the day of the year, and the west calendar of the day is the month of the year. As a result, there is a more conclusive basis for this period of yuanqinghua's audiovisual and tomb.

A porcelain cellar of the Yuan Dynasty was found at the construction site of the commercial storage and transportation company of zhaohui Road, Hangzhou on 1987, with a rich variety of porcelain unearthed, there are 26 pieces of white glaze high-foot cup, 18 pieces of Longquan kiln porcelain, 1 piece of white porcelain dragon grain altar, 1 piece of blue glaze painting gold Jue, 2 pieces of peacock blue glaze "inner" section with plum bottle, 1 piece of peacock blue lid pot, and huoyao 3 pieces of white porcelain cup and dish, 1 High-FA Cup in glaze, and 1 in the blue-and-green style pen frame. When unearthed, small pieces of utensils, such as the high-foot cup, the blue-glaze Jue Cup, and the blue-colored mountain pen frame, were placed in two large altar. Below, I will only briefly describe the Blue Porcelain and Blue porcelain.

Figure 5 yuanqinghua haishu mountain Pen Holder

Yuanqinghua mountain-shaped sea-shaped Pen Holder: semi-circular, shaping a bucket on the left. The bucket behind the plastic four hump, 2nd peaks and a round of yuyue, the other three peaks on the top of the plastic head cloud. The front is colored with blue flowers, which is irregular. Under the cloud, there are sea shellfish, and the front of the seat has a roll of waves. The fetal bone is delicate and white. Apply shadow glaze, and the skin on the bottom is milky white. The mouth of the bucket is slightly open, and the eyes are decorated with blue flowers. The inner is empty and water can be set. The pen holder is blue and white (figure 5 ). From the perspective of the delicate carcass and the colorfulness of the pen holder, the production time is later than that of the blue-and-white.

Figure 6 yuan blue glaze gold month Ying Mei Wen Jue

Yuan blue glaze gold month Ying Mei grain Jue: Imitation bronze Jue shape. The fetal body is meticulous. Shi Bao blue glaze, the glaze is moist and smooth, and the inner wall has partial glaze points. The exterior and exterior walls of the Jue cup are painted with gold and Moon Shadows. The gold has fallen off, leaving only traces (figure 6 ).

Figure 7 yuan peacock green glaze "inner" Plum bottle

Yuan peacock green glaze "inner" Plum bottle: shaped full circle, Kou, bundle neck, round shoulder, lower abdomen, undercover. The lid is cup-shaped, the inner wall is non-glazed, and the bottle mouth is retained. The carcass is heavy. Apply the peacock green glaze, And the glaze is peeled off seriously. When wiping with a wet cloth, the shoulder shows moshu "inner" (figure 7 ).

Another peacock green glaze altar, the glaze all peel off, only a small part of the patches remain, the whole body is milky white.

Preferences for certain colors often originate from the original memories or religious beliefs of a nation. We know that blue is not the traditional color of Han nationality. The contrast between pure white and blue makes the Mongolian people obsessed. In the original religious shaman belief of the Mongolian chongxin, Blue symbolizes heaven, and white symbolizes goodness, in addition, blue and white are the colors of the totem "Wolf White Deer" of the origins of the Mongolian people? "Yuan Dynasty"), which is the main factor for the origin, development and maturity of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty.

I often wonder that these blue-and-green images, mountain-shaped haishu pen holders, blue-glazed gold Jue cups, and blue "inner" Plum bottles, their glaze colors are the colors of the Mongolian people who break down the elegance and elegance of the Southern Song Dynasty emperor after they stay in Hangzhou? I have never seen any Mongolian riding a horse in the vast land of China following the reunification of China; they could not see the blue-and-white high-foot cup they could drink on the back of the horse. However, I would like to indulge in their excitement and romance. As I know, a trace of blue in the history of Chinese porcelain has a soul. Responsible teacher

Yuan Qinghua porcelain and Hangzhou: The color of the shepherd