, i.e., all of our training examples lie perfectly on some straigh T line.
If J (θ0,θ1) =0, that means the line defined by the equation "y=θ0+θ1x" perfectly fits all of our data.
For the To is true, we must has Y (i) =0 for every value of i=1,2,..., m.
So long as any of our training examples lie on a straight line, we'll be able to findθ0 andθ1 so, J (θ0,θ1) =0. It is not a necessary that Y (i) =0 for all of our examples.
We can perfectly predict the value o
, the weight of the high-weighted data is increased by 1000 times times the probability, which is equivalent to replication. However, if you are traversing the entire test set (not sampling) to calculate the error, there is no need to modify the call probability, just add the weights of the corresponding errors and divide by N. So far, we have expanded the VC Bound, which is also set up on the issue of multiple classifications!SummaryFor more discussion and exchange on
Week 2 gradient descent for multiple variables
[1] multi-variable linear model cost function
Answer: AB
[2] feature scaling feature Scaling
Answer: d
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[Original] Andrew Ng chose to fill in the blanks in Coursera
-Gradient descent for linear regressionHere we apply the gradient descent algorithm to the linear regression model, we first review the gradient descent algorithm and the linear regression model:We then expand the slope of the gradient descent algorithm to the partial derivative:In most cases, the linear regression model cost function is shaped like a convex body, so the local minimum value is equivalent to the global minimum:The following is the enti
)/∂ (θ (1) JK) is tested for gradients. After the partial derivative code does not have a problem, close the Gradient check section code.6. Use gradient descent or other advanced algorithms to perform reverse propagation to find the θ values for minimizing j (θ).This paper describes the gradient descent algorithm in neural networks: starting from the random initial point, descending step by step, until the local optimal value is obtained. Algorithms such as gradient descent can at least guarante
-Normal equationSo far, the gradient descent algorithm has been used in linear regression problems, but for some linear regression problems, the normal equation method is a better solution.The normal equation is solved by solving the following equations to find the parameters that make the cost function least:Assuming our training set feature matrix is x, our training set results are vector y, then the normal equation is used to solve the vector:The f
Mainly for the week content: large-scale machine learning, cases, summary(i) Random gradient descent methodIf there is a large-scale training set, the normal batch gradient descent method needs to calculate the sum of squares of errors across the entire training set, which is a very large computational cost if the learning
Overview
photo OCR
problem Description and Pipeline
sliding Windows
getting Lots of data and Artificial data
ceiling analysis:what part of the Pipeline to work on Next
Review
Lecture Slides
Quiz:Application:Photo OCR
Conclusion
Summary and Thank You
Log
4/20/2017:1.1, 1.2;
Note
Ocr?
...
Coursera-
-Cost functionFor the training set and our assumptions, we will consider how to determine the coefficients in the assumptions.What we are going to do now is to choose the right parameters, and the selection of parameters directly affects the accuracy of the resulting straight line for the training set description. The difference between the predicted value and the actual value in the training set is the modeling error (Modeling error).the
cost function least.The algorithm is:After derivation, get:Note: Although the resulting gradient descent algorithm appears to be the same as the gradient descent algorithm for linear regression, the hypothetical function here differs from the linear regression, so it is actually different. In addition, it is still necessary to perform feature scaling before applying the gradient descent algorithm.In addition, there are some alternatives to the gradie
would the Vectorize this code to run without all for loops? Check all the Apply.
A: v = A * x;
B: v = Ax;
C: V =x ' * A;
D: v = SUM (A * x);
Answer: A. v = a * x;
v = ax:undefined function or variable ' Ax '.
4.Say you has a vectors v and Wwith 7 elements (i.e., they has dimensions 7x1). Consider the following code:
z = 0;
For i = 1:7
Z = z + V (i) * W (i)
End
Which of the following vectorizations correctly compute Z? Check all the Apply.
the transpose of the Matrix.-Gradient descent for multiple variablesSimilar to univariate/feature linear regression, in multivariable/feature linear regression, we will also define a cost function, namely:Our goal is the same as the problem in univariate/characteristic linear regression, which is to find out the combination of parameters that make the cost function least.Therefore, the multivariable/linear
Welcome and Introductionoverviewreadinglog
9/9 videos and quiz completed;
10/29 Review;
Note1.1 Welcome
1) What are machine learning?
Machine learning are the science of getting compters to learn, without being explicitly programmed.
1.2 Introduction
Linear reg
Cross entropy cost function 1. Cross-entropy theory
Cross entropy is relative to entropy, as covariance and variance.
Entropy examines the expectation of a single information (distribution):
H (p) =−∑I=1NP (xi) Logp (xi)
Cross-Entropy examines the expectations of two of information (distributions):H (P,Q) =−∑I=1NP (xi) logq (xi)For details, please see Wiki Cross entropy
y = Tf.placeholder (Dtype=tf.float32, Shape=[none, ten]) ...
Scores = Tf.matmul
) ^2\)To break it apart, it was \ (\frac1 2 \bar{x}\) where \ (\bar{x}\) is the mean of the squares of $h _θ (x_i)? Y_i $, or the difference between the predicted value and the actual value.This function is otherwise called the "Squared error function", or "Mean squared error". The mean is halved \ ((\frac1 2) \) as a convenience for the computation of the gradient descent, as the derivative Term of the square function would cancel out the \frac1 2\ . The following image summarizes what is the
same. In addition, it is necessary to feature scale (Features scaling) features before running the gradient descent algorithm.Some options beyond the gradient descent algorithm:In addition to the gradient descent algorithm, there are algorithms that are often used to minimize the cost function, which are more complex and excellent, and typically do not require manual selection of learning rates, and are o
it is easy to cause the overflow. This is because X and ln (x) have the same monotonicity, and both sides take the logarithmSo this is the J (Theta) that Andrew gave, and the only difference is that Andrew has a negative coefficient in front of it, which makes the maximum value a minimum, so that the gradient descent algorithm can be used.But in fact, with this formula can also complete the task, just use the algorithm to become gradient rise, in fact, no difference.ConclusionHere Amway "
5.1 Cost FunctionSuppose the training sample is: {(x1), Y (1)), (x (2), Y (2)),... (x (m), Y (m))}L = Total No.of layers in NetworkSl= no,of units (not counting bias unit) in layer LK = number of output units/classesThe neural network, L = 4,S1 = 3,s2 = 5,S3 = 5, S4 = 4Cost function for logistic regression:The cost function of a neural network: 5.2 Reverse Propagation Algorithm backpropagationA popular ex
Programmers who have turned to AI have followed this number ☝☝☝
Author: Lisa Song
Microsoft Headquarters Cloud Intelligence Advanced data scientist, now lives in Seattle. With years of experience in machine learning and deep learning, we are familiar with the requirements analysis, architecture design, algorithmic development and integrated deployment of
! I've been on this course 3 years ago, and it's been a long time ... Before going to bed to see this question, the day before yesterday wrote an article about learning Python in Coursera, just right question, so excerpt part, hope to be helpful:-)
Let's talk about the process of learning Python in Coursera (and reco
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