) Common commands

No classification PS1 command name usage and Parameter Function Annotation

 
1. File Management # ls-A lists all files in the current directory, including. hidden File Management in the header # ls LS-l or ll list detailed file information under the current directory file management # PWD view the absolute path of the current directory by file management # CD .. back to the upper-level directory file management of the current directory # CD-back to the last directory file management # CD ~ Or CD back to the current user's home directory file management # CD ~ The user name is returned to the specified user's home directory.
 

 
2. File Management # create a directory file management by mkdir directory name # mkdir-P recursively create some nested directory file management # rmdir empty directory name delete an empty directory
 

 
3. File Management # rm RM file name delete one file or multiple file management # rm Rm-RF non-empty directory name recursively delete everything in a non-empty directory, without the mention of-F
 

4. File Management # view the file content on a single screen with Cat file names

5. File Management # View File Content by page for more file names

6. File Management # The file content can be viewed on Controllable pages with less-than file names

7 file management # grep character file names view part of the file content based on character matching

 
8. File Management # Move the files under the music video path/file path to the absolute path \ file management # change the name of the music video file name in the current directory \\
 

9 file management # cp CP/path/file./move files under absolute path to the current directory

10 file management # Find find path-name "string" to find the files and directories that match the string in the path

11 file management # ln Source File Link name creates a hard link to the source file of the current directory

 
Ln/home/test/usr/test1 create a hard link for/home/test under/usr
 

12 file management # ln-s a B create the symbolic link B of A in the current directory

13 file management # Touch touch file1 file2 create two empty files

14 disk management # DF is used to report the total capacity, usage, and remaining capacity of the file system.

15 disk management # Du-B/home view the current/home directory capacity (K) and sub-directory capacity (k ).

16 disk management # fdisk-l view system partition information

17 disk management # fdisk/dev/SDB is used to partition a new SCSI hard disk.

18 disk management # mkfs. ext3 mkfs. ext3/dev/sdb1 is the first primary partition of the first SCSI hard disk and formatted as an ext3 file system.

 
Mkfs. ext2 mkfs. ext2/dev/sdb2 format to ext2 File System
 

 
19 disk management # mount Mount-T file system type device path access path disk management # file system type file system drive file system vfat FAT file system (Windows) mount the optical drive # Mount-T iso9660/dev/CDROM/mnt/CDROM Mount fat # Mount-T vfat/dev/hda5/mnt/CDROM mount the fifth logical partition of the first ide
 

17 disk management # umount/mnt/CDROM unmount/mnt/CDROM is empty

18 file permissions # chmod U + s file adds special permissions to the file owner
Chmod g + R file: Add read permission to the file group
Chmod o + W file adds write permission to other users of File
Chmod A-X file: all users of the file minus the execution permission.
Chmod 765 The owner of file is set to full permission, and the owner group is set to read/write permission. Other users have read and execute permissions.

19 File Permission # chown root/home change/home owner to root user

20 file permissions # change the/home group to the root group for chgrp root/home

21 print management # RedHat-config-printer-tui enter the printer installation Interface

22 print management # LP Lp-D hptr file print file to the hptr printer

23 print management # lpq-P printer name view printer status

24 print management # lprm-P printer name a delete print jobs in the printer

25 print management # disable-R "Changing paper" hptr disables the printer and prompts the cause

26 print management # enable hptr re-enable disabled

27 user management # useradd create a new user

28 user management # groupadd group name to create a new group

29 user management # passwd user name creates a password for the user

30 user management # passwd-D passwd-d the user name can also be logged in if you delete the User Password

31 user management # passwd-l user name locking account and password

32 user management # passwd-u user name unlock account password

33 user management # passwd-s user name query account and password

34. User Management # usermod-l new username old username changed to user name

35 user management # usermod-l usermod-L to lock the user name to lock the User Login

36 user management # usermod-u unlock user name unlock User Login

37 user management # usermod-u 501 Change User uid

38 user management # userdel-r user name delete all user information

39 user management # groupmod-N new username old username rename Group

40 user management # groupmod-G 501 Group Name Change Group GID

41 user management # groupdel the group name should first delete its users to delete the group

42 user management # gpasswd-A gpasswd-a username group name is added to the group

43 user management # ID user name query user information

44 software management # rpm-Qa | less query installed RPM

45 software management # rpm-Qa | grep FTP query specified rpm

46 software management # Check whether the RPM package has been installed by rpm-Q

47 software management # rpm-Q telnet-Server View telnet server package

48 software management # rpm-Qi software package name View Software Description

49 software management # query the file list of a software package by rpm-QL package name

50 software management # rpm-QF package name query the package to which a file belongs

51 software management # Full name of rpm-QP Software Package Query Information of uninstalled software packages

52 software management # delete a specific software package by rpm-e rpm-E Software Package name

53 software management # Full name upgrade of rpm-u rpm-uvh software package and display the process

54 software management # Full name of rpm-IVH software package installation package and display process

55 software management # rpm-V software package name verification package size and type

56 software management # tar-C create package-x release package-V display command process-Z represents the compressed package

57 software management # tar-CF tar-CVF benet.tar/home/Benet package the/home/Benet directory

58 software management # tar-CZF tar-zcvf benet.tar.gz/mnt package and compress the Directory

59 software management # tar-TF benet.tar: List of non-compressed files

60 software management # tar-tzf tar-TF benet.tar.gz view the file list of the compressed package

61 software management # tar-XF benet.tar non-compressed package file recovery

62 software management # extract and restore the files in the tar-zxvf benet.tar.gz compressed package

63 software management # tar-jxvf benet.tar.bz2

64 software management # diff file1 file2> patch name. Patch generates patch files for new and old files

65 software management # diff file1 file2 compares the differences between the two files

66 software management # patch file patch name. Patch patch

67 software management #./configure-Prefix =/usr/local/pre-compilation Configuration

68 software management # Make Compilation

69 software management # make install the compiled source code package

70 boot management # reboot init 6 restart Linux

71 start management # halt init 0 shutdown-H now disable Linux

72 start management # runlevel display system running level

73 startup management # init [0123456] changes the system running level, 7 types

74 start management # chkconfig -- list [service name] to view the service status

75 startup management # chkconfig -- level <running level> <service name> On | off | set sets the startup status of the service.

76 startup management # chkconfig <service name> On | off | set the startup status of a non-independent service

77 Process Management # top dynamic PS-Aux static process tree pstree view system processes

78 Process Management #ProgramName & background running program

79 Process Management # FG transfers the processes running in the background back to the foreground

80 Process Management # BG transfers the processes running on the foreground to the background

81 Process Management # renice + 1 180 Add the priority of process No. 180 to 1

82 Process Management # Kill kill PID to terminate a PID Process

83 Process Management # at 5 + 3 days

/Bin/ls specify to execute/bin/ls at PM three days later

84 Process Management # crontab-e uses VI to edit Automatic periodic tasks

85 Process Management # crontab-l view Automatic periodic tasks

86 Process Management # crontab-r Delete Automatic periodic tasks

87 Process Management # crond service crond <START | stop | restart | status>

Enable Automatic periodic service crond immediately <START | stop | restart | status>

Implement Disk Quota (Note: Create/home partition when installing Linux)

Objective: To implement a disk quota of 5 kb for soft limit and 10 kb for Zhao in the/home directory.

Steps:

1. Modify the line containing/home, # vi/etc/fstab, and change it to defaults and usrquota. That is, the usrquota item is added. Save and exit.

2. Uninstall the/home directory # umount/home

3. Mount/home directory # Mount/home

4. Add User Zhao # useradd Zhao

5. Change the password # passwd Zhao

6. Generate quota information about the/home directory # quotacheck-cmug/home

# Quotacheck-vu/home
 

7. View information of all users # repquota-Au

8. Set the quota # edquota-u Zhao

Change soft and hard to 5 and 10 respectively.

9. Save and exit # WQ!

10. modification time # edquota-T

11. # WQ!

12. Enable the disk quota function on/home # quotaon/home

13. query the quota # quota-u Zhao

14. Verify the quota # Su-zhao

 
$ Touch myfile