0801linux Basic Content Small note

Source: Internet
Author: User

Cat > F1 << EOF Multi-line submission

Mail-s Test user1 << End

> Nice to meet u

> Let ' s Go

> End



ll/etc/| Less paging display


ls/tmp | Tee/tmp/a.log

Tee Command Save information,-a append


TR [[: Lower:]] [[: Upper:]] < F1 convert standard input of F1


Xecho ASDFG |& tr ' A-Z ' A-Z ' equivalent notation:

Xecho ASDFG 2>&1 | tr ' A-Z ' A-Z '//


TR [option] Set1 Set2

-c,--complement: Complementary set

-D: Delete all characters belonging to the first character set

-T: Remove characters from the first character set that are more than the second character set

-s,--squeeze-repeats: Repeats consecutive characters in a single character

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Getent passwd user1

Getent Shadow User1

Getent Group User1

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Useradd Tom in the/home/to generate the Tom directory, belong to the main group of Tom

Userdel Tom/home/tomcat, the genus of the main genera, the ID number

Useradd Alice/home/tomcat of the genus Alice


pwunconv: PAWWD Unconvert does not convert,/etc/shadow file is not, before the shadow file stored encrypted password displayed in the second bit of/etc/passwd

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pwconv: Shadow File Recovery


ID 0 is the administrator, if the/etc/passwd root and other users such as User1 UID swapped, then user1 as the administrator, root for the ordinary user

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CHFN User1 Modify Name,phone,office,shell information

Finger Command View

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Getent passwd user1 display

user1:x:1001:1001: User 1,magedu,010,12315:/home/user1:/sbin/nologin


Chsh-s/sbin/nologin User1

Change the shell of User1, this user cannot log in


Usermod-l Alice//Lock Login

Usermod-u Alice//Unlock login, will remove an exclamation mark

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Authconfig--passalgo=sha256--update//Update encryption algorithm

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OpenSSL rand-base64 10//


/etc/passwd each meaning- user name: password: User identification number: Group ID: annotative Description: Home directory: Login Shell


echo $[' date +%s '/86400]//output 17014,unix number of days to today


Windows cmd> Net accounts see the password for a maximum age of 42 days


Passwd-e Alice//Alice user login prompts for password change



/etc/group user1:x:1001: After adding Alice, add Alice to the User1 group

ID Alice or groups Alice to see the group information that Alice belongs to

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Usermod-ag User2 Alice//Add Alice to the User2 group
alice# newgrp user2//Temporary switch main group, exit exit

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VIPW command to modify/ETC/PASSWD content

VIGR command to modify/etc/group content

PWCK command Check password file

GRPCK command Inspection of the file


Useradd-u 0-o Rooter


useradd-d/testdir/user4 user4//Automatically create home directory useradd-d//display default user information, can be modified in/etc/default/useradd

The. bash_profile files in the home directory are all originated from the/etc/skel


/etc/login.defs can change the password expiration time, length and other properties


Usermod-u 20010-g user1-g bin,root-s/bin/csh-d/testdir/hehedir-m-C "hehe test"-l NEWHEHE-E 2017-08-01-f Ten heh E

-M: Migrating home Directory-L: New name-e: Specify user account expiration date-F: Expiration How many days are locked


Groupmems-l-G root//view the user of the root group groupmems-d alice-g bin//Remove the Alice user from the bin group groupmems-a alice-g root//Will Alice Add to root group groupmems-p-G bin//To empty the bin group user,-p,--purge
Groups Newhehe//See which groups Newhehe users belong to
Usermod-g "" Alice//Remove Alice's secondary group


strace command to view system calls


SU-XXX login switch, will read the target user's profile, switch to home directory, completely switch

Su XXX non-logon switch, that is, does not read the target user's profile, does not change the current working directory


Su [-] username-c ' COMMAND '

Su-root-c ' Cat/etc/shadow '//switch to root, execute command, and then exit--Triad


0801linux Basic Content Small note

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