(1) Linux? Ubuntu or centos? Linux Installation

Linux?

First, let's explain what an operating system is. Simply put, an operating system is a set of system software that runs on top of hardware and provides various services for us. For example, the content displayed on the screen is controlled by the operating system's video card and screen display. The various services we use at ordinary times are also related to the operating system's control hardware (video card, Nic, sound card, hard Disk. Some people say no. We use browsers, instant messaging software, and music players. Yes, but without an operating system, these software cannot run. These software provides services to users based on the operating system. If there is no operating system, the hardware is a pile of scrap iron.

The operating system consists of two parts: the kernel + the tool provided by the kernel. For example, in a common Windows system, you should use resource manager to view files and directories. If you have used Windows XP operating systems such as Windows 98, you have heard of FAT32 and NTFS file systems (Google or Baidu ), windows 98 cannot read NTFS hard disks of Windows XP and later versions. Because Windows 98 kernel does not know the NTFS file system format. The core (knernel) is the underlying software of the operating system. It manages hardware devices. If the core of a hardware device cannot be identified, you cannot use it. The sound card driver is the software that tells the core how to use the network card and sound card. Both Linux and Windows have their own cores.

General core management issues include:

System Call interface: Responsible for the interaction between some services and the core, so that resources can be used more effectively;

Porcess control: system process control;

Memory Management: manages the memory of the entire system;

File System Management: manages the entire file system, such as I/O. Support for different file system formats;

Devide drivers: as described above, you can manage various hardware by managing the driver module. Linux can edit the driver into a module without re-compiling the core.

In addition, our daily use of Instant Messaging Software, browsers, text editors, games, players and other software are all application software. The core of application software control is the bottom layer of the operating system. To make the operating system more complete, the core also needs to provide a wide range of tools and core-related application software.

 

Linux is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system. There are many different Linux versions, but they all use the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on various computer hardware devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, routers, video game consoles, desktop computers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Linux is a leading operating system. The world's top 10 super computers run Linux operating systems. Strictly speaking, the term "Linux" only represents the Linux kernel, but in fact people are used to using Linux to describe the entire Linux kernel-based operating system and use various GNU engineering tools and databases. Linux is named after Linus Torvalds, a genius programmer.

In fact, Linux is only the kernel of the Linux operating system. The full name of Linux should be GNU/Linux. For more information about Linux and UNIX, see Wikipedia, Baidu encyclopedia, and "laruence Linux private house dish. Several concepts are emphasized here:

Degree of Freedom

Stallman defines the degree of freedom as follows:

You can run this free program based on any proposal you want (Purpose;

After understanding the operation of this free program, you can change it to the style and function you want;

You can re-publish the free program you modified to help your friends;

You can improve this free program and publish it to the public for the benefit of the community!

GPL (GNU General Public License)

GPL authorization features:

After GPL authorization is attached to any software, a free software can be obtained by anyone, and its source code can also be obtained );

After obtaining the software authorized by GPL, anyone can modify the original code to suit their preferences;

In addition, the modified source code should be returned to the network society for your reference.

Distribution

Because of the high stability and low price of Linux, many developers and free software development teams are attracted to develop related software on the core of Linux, such as the famous Sendmail, wu-FTP, Apache, etc. Therefore, these commercial companies or non-profit Teams integrate Linux core, core tools and related software, and add creative system management modules and tools from their own companies or teams, we have developed a fully-installed operating system called distribution. Of course, because it is based on the GNU architecture, the distribution released by various companies can be freely downloaded on the network.

Although there are many developed Linux companies, such as red hat, OpenLinux, Mandrake, Debian, and Suse. However, since all distribution architectures develop their own company-style distribution in Linux kernel, everyone complies with the Linux Standard base (LSB) specifications, that is, the distribution is similar.

Ubuntu or centos?

Ubuntu is a Linux operating system based on desktop applications. Its name is "ubuntu" (translated as "My Help" or "wubantu") in Zulu or haosa in southern Africa ), it means "Human Nature" and "my existence is because of the existence of everyone". It is a traditional African value, similar to the "benevolence" Thought of Chinese society. Ubuntu is based on the Debian release and GNOME desktop environment. Unlike Debian, UBUNTU releases a new version every six months. The goal of Ubuntu is to provide a general user with the latest and stable operating system built mainly from free software. Ubuntu has a huge community power, allowing users to easily get help from the community.

Centos is an enterprise-level Linux release based on Red Hat Linux that provides free-of-use source code. Each version of centos will receive 10 years of support (via secure update ). The new centos version is released every two years, and the centos version is updated regularly (about every six months) to support new hardware. In this way, a secure, low-maintenance, stable, highly predictive, and highly repetitive Linux environment is established. [1] centos is the abbreviation of community enterprise operating system.

Centos is the product of source code re-Compilation of RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), and many known bugs have been fixed on the basis of RHEL. Compared with other Linux distributions, centos is trustable.

In short, UBUNTU mainly targets Desktop Users and common users. Centos is mainly for enterprise users. Ubuntu is a good choice for individual users. For work purposes, centos is recommended. In fact, most of the commands are the same.

Linux Installation

There are many installation tutorials for Ubuntu and centos on the Internet. Google or Baidu search can be found and will not be repeated here. The installation methods are as follows:

1> DVD/CD installation ;;

2> USB flash drive installation;

3> Virtual Machine installation.

To install a CD, you only need to download the latest version from your official website, burn it into a CD, then place the CD into the CD drive, and perform corresponding installation operations. To install a USB flash drive, you must first create a USB boot disk, insert the USB flash drive, start it from the USB flash drive, and then perform corresponding installation operations. If Linux is used for learning, we recommend that you use a virtual machine for installation. This facilitates switching. Generally, virtual machines have two types: VM ware and virtualbox. Virtualbox is recommended because it is an open source software. First, you don't need to go to the Internet to find a key or crack the version like VM Ware. Since the two choose to learn the open-source Linux operating system, isn't it understandable to use open-source software? There are also many tutorials on installing the Linux operating system based on virtuabox. It is a good habit to use Google more!