2011-0443 & iso15693 & iso18092

A.1 1cr443

Is a series of proximity RFID internationalization, independent from the manufacturer's standards.

It operates at 13.56 MHz and uses a magnetic field Coupled card reader (PCD) and a card (PICC ).

ISO 14443-1 describes the physical layer
ISO 14443-2 describes the link layer, such as Bit Clock, signal waveform, and encoding rules used in communication.

* Type A uses100% ASKWith modifiedMiller EncodingIn the PCD-> PICC ction
AndOokOn a 847.5 kHz subcarrier in PICC-> PCD ction.
* Type B uses10% ASKWithNRZ EncodingIn the PCD-> PICC ction andBPSKOn
847.5 kHz subcarrier in PICC-> PCD ction.

ISO 14443-3 describes the data frame and the anti-conflict mechanism used to find all PICC in the field.
The ISO 14443-4 section describes the optional transport protocol layer. This Protocol is often referred to as "t = Cl", which is derived from the T = 0, T = 1 Protocol of the contact card. "Cl" means non-contact.

A.2 Other similar

Mifare classic

This is a proprietary Philips protocol which runs on top of 14443-, 3 (type ). the it does not implement 14443-4. since Mifare classic has des some proprietary crypto1 algorithm, you can only do Mifare if you have a Philips reader ASIC (such as the rc632 ).
Mifare ultralight

This is a variation of Mifare classic without crypto. It uses 14443-14443, 3 (type A), but not-4.

Felica

This is a proprietary protocol developedSony.

Communication speed is212 KBps.

PCD-> PICC communication usesManchester-coded 10% ASKOn the 13.56 MHz carrier. It doesn't use a subcarrier for the PICC-> PCD direction. Anti-collision is based on a time slot algorithm.

There was an attempt to specify felica as "ISO 14443 Type C", but this did not end up in the final standard. However it has now been standardised underNFCUmbrella specification ISO 18092.

 

B .1 iso15693

Iso15693 is a series of international and independent manufacturer standards for close-range (vicinity) RFID. It operates at 13.56 MHz and uses a magnetic field Coupled card reader (VCD) and card (vicc ).

Read distance: 1-1.5 metersNon-contact smart cards are used at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. They are designed to make the cost of card readers lower than, and most of them are used for access control and attendance assessment, currently, many enterprises use this type of access card.

Because such cards canLarge distance workTherefore, the required field strength (1.15-5 A/m) is less than that of the proximity card (1.5 to 7.5 A/m ).

 

 

ISO 15693-1 describes the physical layer

ISO 15693-2 describes the RF power supply and signal interface.

ISO 15693-3 describes conflict prevention and transmission protocols.

 

C. iso18092

It has something to do with NFC. Transcription is as follows:

Around 2003, Philips semiconductor and Sony planned to develop a compatible wireless communication technology based on the non-contact card technology. Phillips sent a team to Japan to stay closed with Sony engineers for three months, and then jointly released a wireless communication technology compatible with the current non-contact card protocol, the name is NFC (near field communication ).

This specification defines a 13.56 MHz-based wireless communication method between two NFC devices. In the NFC world, there are no card readers, no cards, and only NFC devices. This specification defines two communication modes for NFC devices: Active Mode and passive mode. The selection of two modes, the anti-conflict method of RF field and the anti-conflict method of equipment are defined respectively, it defines the most underlying communication methods and protocols, such as encoding and modulation and demodulation methods at different baud rates. To put it bluntly, it solves the problem of how to exchange data streams. The specification was finally submitted to the ISO Standards Organization for approval to become a formal international standard, which isIso18092And then addedIso15693To form a newNFC International Standard ip2, That isIso21848. At the same time, ECMA (European Computer Manufacturing Association) has also issued NFC standards, which are Ecma340 and ecma352, Which corresponds to iso18092 and iso21848. In fact, the two standards are similar, but ECMA is free. You can download them online.

in order to accelerate the development of the NFC industry, Philips, Sony, and Nokia jointly launched the establishment of the NFC forum to promote the development of industrial applications, define NFC-based intermediate layer specifications, including data exchange communication protocol ndef , this includes several NFC tag specifications based on non-contact tags, mainly involving the definition of the internal data structure of cards, and how NFC devices (mobile phones) Identify tags compatible with a standard NFC forum, the purpose of parsing specific application data and other related specifications is to enable communication between different NFC devices. For example, how different mobile phones exchange data and how to identify the same electronic poster.
in terms of specific technical solutions for implementing NFC functions, we are all based on two chips: NFC chip and smart card chip. However, in the mobile phone, NFC chip and the interface between the smart card chip, different manufacturers put forward different architectures, Philips first proposed s2c (NFC-WI) API, And the API becomes the official standard through ECMA. Another company, Gemalto, proposed a SWP interface based on its understanding of the operator's needs and combined it with the SIM card. Then a French company inside developed a prototype that supports SWP. In consideration of commercial interests, the SWP architecture eventually won the consistent support of the operator (GSMA), but the original SWP standard is still immature and needs to be further improved. At this time, Phillips finally gave up another single-line standard that he proposed again, announced support for Gemalto's SWP specification, and signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Gemalto, the SWP protocol was improved with Gemalto and submitted to ETSI. Currently, this standard should not be officially promulgated.
SWP and s2c are not directly related to NFC specifications, and there is no conflict between them. The NFC Specification defines the communication specifications between NFC devices and the outside world, and s2c/SWP defines different methods of NFC internal implementation, it is an interface and communication protocol between an NFC chip and a smart card chip. NFC (iso18902) has no direct connection with SWP, NFC forum, and ETSI, and there is no direct conflict between them. These are essential parts for forming a complete NFC system and industrial environment.

Let's take a look at several protocols.