Analysis of enterprise information business and technology models

I. Business Model Analysis?

The primary factor affecting the performance of a project is its business model. Enterprise information projects are no exception. The foundation of enterprise informatization is the application of information technology. The core is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises and promote the value-added value of enterprises. Michael Rappa (1999) pointed out that "a business model, in its most basic sense, refers to a business method, is the survival model of a company-a model that can bring benefits to the enterprise ". The business model defines the position of a company in the value chain and guides it through how to make money. Therefore, the business model is the core model of enterprise information application and the key to reflecting the value of enterprise information application. Paul Timmers (1998) believes that business models include the following three elements: ① architecture of products, services, or information flows, including different business roles and their roles; ② potential benefits of different business roles; ③ source of income. The supply chain-oriented enterprise informatization business model is the order of enterprise informatization projects, it refers to the organization and system structure of products, services, information flows, income sources, and relationships and roles of various stakeholders in the operation of e-commerce projects provided by the Enterprise Informatization project. It specifically shows how enterprise informatization projects are making profits and plans for a long time in the future. Oval (2002) proposed that the business model of enterprise informatization includes four aspects: strategic objectives, target customers, revenue and profit sources, and core capabilities .?

(1) strategic objectives?

Strategic goals are the embodiment of the company's mission and functions. On the one hand, all departments concerned with enterprise survival need to have goals, and on the other hand, the goals also depend on the different strategies of individual enterprises. Therefore, an enterprise's strategic goals are diversified, including both economic and non-economic goals, both qualitative and quantitative goals. However, the fields that enterprises need to set goals are the same. The survival of all enterprises depends on the same factors. Drucker (1954) proposed the objectives of eight key fields: ① market objectives; ② technological improvement and development goals; ③ productivity improvement goals; ④ material and financial resources goals; ⑤ profit goals; ⑥ human resources goals; 7. Employees' enthusiasm and social responsibility goals .?

Obviously, enterprise informatization is a key project of enterprise strategy implementation, mainly manifested in technological improvement and productivity improvement. For enterprises, there is no doubt that the application of information technology supports the operation tutorial strategy. To succeed and continue to make profits for a project, you must specify the strategic objectives in the business model. The strategic objectives of an enterprise are essentially the customer value of the enterprise, that is, enterprises must constantly provide customers with products or services that are valuable to them and are not available to competitors to maintain their competitive advantages. According to the competitive advantage theory of Michael Potter (1997), this competitive advantage can be manifested in the differentiation of products/services, low cost, and target agglomeration strategy .?

(2) target customers?

The target customers of a company refer to the scope to which the company decides to provide products or services and the quantity of such products or services in a certain area or geographical area of the market. There are two problems :?

1? Customer scope?

From different perspectives, the company's customer scope needs to be defined from two aspects: On the one hand, we need to select the company's customers between sellers and consumers. If the company mainly provides products or services to sellers, this is BtoB e-commerce. In each industry, there are sellers of different types, sizes, and technical levels. If the company mainly provides products or services to consumers, this is BtoC e-commerce. Consumers can be divided into different types based on gender, age, occupation, education level, lifestyle, income level, and other characteristics. On the other hand, to select the company's customers in different regions, the company should be clear to which place in the world to sell products or provide services, because of the time and space that the Internet spans, the company's market scope is greatly extended .?

2? Product or Service scope?

When the company decides which field to provide products or services, it must also decide the number of services required for this part of the market. For example, an Internet company targeting college students must decide how many needs they need, it can choose the services to be provided in terms of basic connection services, chat rooms, movies, music, games, online teaching, and postgraduate Q & .?

(3) income and profit sources?

One of the important objectives of enterprise informatization is to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. In this way, it is necessary to determine the sources of revenue and profit of the company's informatization projects. For general investment projects, the income and profit can be obtained directly from the products sold by them, or from the services provided by them. However, the sources of income and profit for enterprise informatization projects are very complex. Their income and profit often depend on efficiency improvement and cost reduction .?

(4) core capabilities?

Core capabilities are relatively scarce resources and distinctive service capabilities, which can create long-term competitive advantages. Core competencies are the collective wisdom of the company, especially the ability to integrate multiple skills, technologies, and processes to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. Enterprise informatization is highly dependent on information and alliances and must persistently reform business activities. Therefore, it must have an analysis tool that comprehensively considers all the above factors, integrate the company's technical platform and business capabilities .?

II. Analysis of technical models?

The foundation of enterprise informatization is the application of information systems and information technology. In the context of Internet, enterprise informatization needs to be properly planned. Therefore, the enterprise information technology model is the basic technology implementation solution for enterprise information implementation and normal operation, including computer hardware, management information system software and staffing system .?

From the perspective of the subjects involved in the technical model and their relationships, the enterprise informatization technology model framework for the supply chain is shown in figure 2 .?

(1) Application Systems of technical models?

1? Infrastructure System?

Computer hardware system is an important infrastructure for Enterprise Informatization. It is an important carrier for supporting systems and various application software, including hardware systems such as servers, clients, and network communication devices. In addition, it also includes various application system-aided hardware facilities, including automated cash registers, Wireless acquisition terminals, and office automation equipment (printers, faxes, scanners ......) .?

The advantage of enterprise informatization is information sharing. In addition to hardware, enterprises also need to build network systems, including internal LAN, external Internet, and system communication systems. By applying modern information and communication technologies, migrate the publishing, management, service, and communication functions of enterprise information to the Internet for information exchange and sharing between enterprises and suppliers, customers, and governments .?

With the rapid development of mobile communication, mobile communication is gradually applied to all aspects of enterprise information. Short messages are widely used in the express delivery industry and logistics information remote monitoring due to their low cost, high efficiency, and high timeliness .?

2? Software application system?

Computer software systems include system software and application software. The application software system can be developed and purchased by itself. From the management level of software applications, enterprise information systems can be divided into four levels: Operation-layer systems, knowledge-layer systems, management systems, and strategy-layer systems: ① operation-layer system (TPS), which mainly master the basic activities and transactions of the enterprise; ② knowledge-layer system (KWS and OAS), which mainly supports the knowledge and data management of the organization, the aim is to help enterprises use their knowledge in business operations and help organize and manage copywriting, such as project image library management, text processing, and office automation. ③ management system, it mainly serves the supervision, management, decision-making and administrative affairs of middle-level managers. It can be divided into management information system (MIS) and decision support system (DSS ), ERP (enterprise resource planning) software is a common application; ④ the strategy layer system (ESS) is mainly used to help senior managers deal with and solve strategic problems and predict future trends, including analysis and prediction of internal and external production and business environments of enterprises. After enterprises fully implement informatization, systems at all levels should be seamlessly integrated, and frequent information exchanges must be conducted between different levels. SCM (supply chain management), which emerged after 1990s, provides network chain management for a series of node enterprises from raw material supply to sales services, and achieves information sharing between enterprises with supply and demand relationships, improved overall efficiency .?

3? Information technology application?

Information technology is the technical basis for enterprise informatization with good efficiency. It is an important means to win a competitive advantage through high-quality and efficient services. Bar code technology, EDI (electronic data exchange), smart card technology, RF technology, fax technology, CRM (customer relationship management), GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (global positioning system) BI (business intelligence) and other advanced information technologies have been widely used in enterprises, strengthen information collection and transmission, and promote information sharing. The combination of Internet-based software applications and information technology can effectively digitize internal, alliance partners and business with customers, through rapid and accurate data transfer with alliance partners and customers, the enterprise's operation and management capabilities and work efficiency are greatly improved .?

(2) How do I select the development mode of the technical model?

Because the selection of enterprise informatization technical models is closely related to the basic conditions of enterprises, different informatization technical models should be selected. Gossip planning (2004) divides enterprise informatization into four modes: independent development mode, outsourcing development mode, cooperative development mode, and overall introduction mode. In recent years, the ASP (application service provider) model has attracted the attention of the industry. It is considered that ASP is a new enterprise information model. This article believes that enterprise informatization based on supply chain management has the following technical construction modes .?

1? Independent development mode?

The advantage of the independent development model is that in the practice of informatization construction, developers are familiar with the business processes, operation modes and features of enterprises, and development is close to the real needs of enterprises, continuously train and train the enterprise's informatization team. However, because the information team of most enterprises has an unreasonable structure of personnel, many business personnel and few technical personnel, especially a few high-level system analysts, in addition, it personnel mainly rely on non-business management IT personnel to conduct business research. It personnel cannot solve problems such as outdated management methods, rigid organizational structures, and inefficient management processes in the original management, therefore, it is difficult to absorb advanced management concepts to improve the management level, resulting in a long development cycle and short life cycle for information projects .?

2? Outsourcing development model?

This mode does not have high requirements on enterprise information technology, but it may also lead to poor system practicability due to the unfamiliar business knowledge of the commissioned unit personnel. The units used do not fully understand the information technology, it is difficult to put forward good requirements, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate the requirements and design materials of the development organization. Problems in the design will often be discovered in the later stage, or more accurate requirements will be obtained, at a loss. At the same time, it is not conducive to cultivate their own system maintenance personnel .?

3? Cooperative development model?

Through joint development, the software company is responsible for solving technical difficulties and scientifically arranging and controlling the development process, this avoids the problem of low development experience and low technical level of the enterprise information system development team. In cooperation, the Enterprise Technical Department can learn advanced development methods and train the enterprise's information and technical personnel. With the participation of our own staff, the system is easy to use and maintain, and the developed information system is more practical. The key to this development model is to solve the problems of communication and coordination in development and division of responsibilities .?

4? ASP mode?

The ASP mode is basically the same as the traditional information mode in terms of meeting the basic needs of the management informationization of small and medium-sized enterprises, such as searching for customers, expanding the market, electronic finance, production planning, sales and inventory information management, etc. ASP mode can be well solved. ASP provides more convenient and reliable solutions for problems that are not easily solved in traditional methods, such as multi-site management, multi-branch organizations, extended applications, and upgrades.