Automatically assigned IP addresses for "Laziness" by network administrators (1)

Network Communication is inseparable from the TCP/IP protocol. In a TCP/IP network, each computer must configure the necessary network to communicate and access resources on the network, some major parameters, such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server, are required. There are two ways to configure these parameters: static manual configuration and automatic allocation.
Manual configuration of TCP/IP parameters is a common practice for network administrators. In general, the administrator needs to create a detailed configuration list and bring others to the body or store them on the computer, this allows you to view and configure IP addresses, subnet masks, and IP addresses of gateways and DNS servers at any time. This method seems simple and feasible, but it is time-consuming and error-prone. Taking 200 computers in the network as an example, assume that the time required to manually configure the TCP/IP Parameter for each computer is 1 minute, which takes 200 minutes in total, that is, 3 hours and 20 minutes! In this case, the error message is not calculated because of an input error, and the time when the TCP/IP needs to be restarted on Windows 9x. If some TCP/IP parameters, such as the default gateway or DNS server, change during network operation, the above work will be repeated. In addition, the computers in the network are connected to the network gradually with the network administrator's configuration, which means that the last computer needs to access the network three hours and 20 minutes later. Failure to timely exchange of information and timely sharing of resources caused by network connection may cause losses, which will undoubtedly become a dereliction of duty of the network administrator.

The automatic allocation of TCP/IP parameters can avoid many problems caused by manual configuration. You only need to deploy a server that provides automatic allocation, for other computers, you do not need to configure the default configurations of the vast majority of operating systems to be automatically allocated.) or you can do this configuration easily ). In particular, when the TCP/IP parameters change, automatic allocation can better reflect its inherent advantages. You only need to perform simple configuration on the server that provides automatic allocation, and other computers do not need to change it. It saves time and effort and facilitates centralized IP address management. In addition, the process of automatically assigning TCP/IP parameters to all computers can be completed within a few seconds, thus improving network utilization and user efficiency.

Introduction to auto-assigned work processes
The TCP/IP parameters are automatically allocated through DHCP. DHCP is called the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). It works at the TCP/IP application layer. This protocol is designed and developed by IETFInternet Engineering Task Force and Internet Engineering Task Group) to automatically assign TCP/IP parameters to clients.

Each DHCP Client connects to the DHCP server during network configuration initialization and requests TCP/IP parameters from the server. After the server receives the request, the customer will be allocated with various possible parameters, including IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and IP addresses of DNS servers. The customer will use these parameters to complete their network configuration, network communication. Automatic Allocation uses the lease mechanism. The entire allocation process involves four stages: IP leasing request, IP leasing provision, IP leasing selection, and IP leasing confirmation, as shown in figure 1.

In the process of automatic allocation, port 67 and port 68 of UDP must be used and broadcast communication is required. The protocol details are described in RFC 2131 and RFC 1541.

Configuration and implementation of automatic allocation
The following uses Windows 2000 as an example to describe how to configure and implement TCP/IP parameters automatically allocated through DHCP. For ease of instruction, the DHCP server is named "WNT-DHCP", and the DHCP Client is named "Win32-Congrq ". When configuring the DHCP server and client, if not specified, it must be completed by logging on to the administrator account.

1. Install the DHCP server

1) configure the TCP/IP parameters of the DHCP server

The TCP/IP parameters of the DHCP server must be manually configured. Right-click network neighbor on the desktop of the WNT-DHCP computer and select Properties, right-click Local connection in the window that opens and select Properties to open the Local Connection Properties dialog box; double-click Internet protocol TCP/IP) to open the Internet protocol TCP/IP) dialog box, configure the TCP/IP parameters for the WNT-DHCP as shown in figure 2.

2) install the DHCP service component

On the WNT-DHCP computer, click Start → settings → Control Panel, and in the open control panel window, double-click Add/delete programs ", open the "Add/delete programs" dialog box, click "Add/delete Windows components", and double-click "Network Service" in the "Windows Components" dialog box that appears ", click "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP" and click OK.

2. Optional)

If you deploy the DHCP service in the Windows 2000 domain, you must authorize the DHCP server to avoid illegal DHCP servers.

1) Use the domain administrator account to log on to the DHCP server WNT-DHCP, click Start → program → Administrative Tools → DHCP to open the DHCP Management Console;

2) Right-click DHCP and select Manage authorized servers, click authorize in the displayed dialog box, and enter the IP address of the WNT-DHCP, as shown in 3.

3. Configure the scope of the DHCP server

1) In the DHCP Management Console of the WNT-DHCP, right-click "Win32-dhcp [192.168.1.10]" and select "new use domain" to open the "new scope wizard ";

2) Click "Next" and enter the name of the scope, "Event Management ";

3) Click "Next" and enter the IP address range as shown in Figure 4;

4) Click "Next" and enter the IP addresses that need to be excluded from the IP address range specified above as needed, that is, the IP addresses that need to be manually specified or used;

5) Click "Next" and set the IP address lease term as needed. The default value is 8 days );

6) Click "Next" and select "No. I want to configure these options later" to skip the configuration of DHCP options;

7) Click "finish", return to the DHCP console, right-click the newly created scope, and select "Activate.

4. Configure DHCP options

The DHCP option is a TCP/IP parameter that can be automatically allocated except the IP address and subnet mask. It can be configured according to actual needs. Here, the most common options are configured.

1) In the DHCP console, right-click "scope options" in the scope of "Event" and select "configuration options" to open the "scope options" dialog box;

2) Click "003 vro003" to select the default gateway automatically allocated to the client.) enter the IP address "192.168.1.254" and click "add ";

3) Click "006 DNS server", enter the IP address "202.106.196.115", click "add", enter the IP address "202.106.0.20", and click "add ";

4) Click "044 WINS/NBNS server", enter the IP address "192.168.1.2", and click "add ";

5) Click "OK" to complete the configuration. Configuration result 5 is displayed.

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