Basic IC card knowledge

Recently, I have come into contact with some unfamiliar fields. I will record my learning situation first. This is the most basic article, which will record the terms I have come into contact with during this period.

I believe that everyone is familiar with the card, but I believe that not everyone knows about it. Now I will record the knowledge of the card from the card to the card reader.

1. one card is also an IC (Integrated Circuit Card) card. The IC card has non-contact, contact, and dual interface cards (both with contact and non-contact communication interfaces ), one card uses non-contact RF technology to communicate with card readers.

2. Introduction to the principle of contact IC Card

The contact IC card complies with the iso7816 standard. The logical diagram of the contact IC is as follows:

3. Introduction to the principle of non-contact IC Card

Non-contact IC cards, also known as RF cards, comply with ISO 14443 standards. The overall working principle is that the RF reader sends a set of Fixed-frequency electromagnetic waves to the IC card. The card contains an LC series resonance circuit, which is the same as the frequency of the reader, in this way, under the electromagnetic wave excitation, the LC resonance circuit generates resonance, so that the capacitor has a charge. At the other end of the capacitor, there is a one-way conduction electronic pump, the charge in the capacitor is sent to another capacitor for storage. When the accumulated charge reaches 2 V, the capacitor can be used as a power supply to provide the working voltage for other circuits, transmits the data in the card or receives the data from the reader.

4. RFID (radio frequency identification) Radio Frequency Identification

It is used for sensor cards, non-contact cards, electronic tags, bar codes, etc. RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It uses RF signals to automatically identify the target object and obtain relevant data. It can work in various harsh environments without human intervention. RFID technology can recognize high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple tags at the same time for quick and convenient operations.

5. RF signal coupling type

1) inductance coupling: the transformer model achieves coupling through the spatial High-Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field

2) electromagnetic reverse scattering coupling: radar principle model, transmitting electromagnetic waves, reflecting upon the target, carrying back the target information at the same time, it is based on the spatial Propagation Law of electromagnetic waves. The inductance coupling mode is generally suitable for medium and low frequency close-range RFID systems. Typical Operating frequencies include 125 Khz, 13.56 kHz, and MHz. The identification distance is less than 1 m, and the typical identification distance is 10 ~ 20cra. The electromagnetic reverse scattering coupling method is generally suitable for long-distance RFID systems with high frequency and microwave power. Typical Operating frequencies include 433 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. The identification distance is greater than 1 m, and the typical identification distance is 3-l0M.

6. Non-Contact IC cards are commonly used in the market as non-contact logic encryption cards of mifare1 cards of Philips (now NXP.

7 Non-Contact IC Card Reader microcontroller, RFID Radio Frequency reader card module, input buttons, LED Display and other circuits. There are many design schemes. Philips has designed a no-card reader module for the M1 card. It can read and write the IC Card Based on the keyboard, display, communication, and other components. There is also a design scheme for high-frequency IC card readers, such: