Biofilm (15) _ Coexist with host

Researchers often note that, once biofilms is established, planktonic bacteria may periodically leave the biofilm on thei R own. When they does, they can rapidly multiply and disperse. There is a natural the pattern of programmed detachment of planktonic cells from biofilms. This means the biofilms can act as what the Costerton refers to as "niduses pathogenic" of acute infection. Because the bacteria in a biofilm was protected by a matrix, the host immune system was less likely to mount a response to Their presence.27

But if planktonic bacteria is periodically released from the biofilms, each time single bacterial forms enter the tissues , the immune system suddenly becomes aware of their presence. It may proceed to mount a inflammatory response that leads to heightened disease symptoms. Thus, the periodic release of planktonic bacteria from some biofilms could be what causes many chronic relapsing infections.

The planktonic bacteria first swim out of the biofilm and stick to the new area. The immune system has low recognition of biofilm, but it is highly recognized by the floating bacteria, and immediately causes inflammation with cytokines. Humans use drugs to kill freshly floated bacteria. This is the cause of many recurrent chronic diseases.

As Matthew R. Parsek of northwestern University describes in a 2003 paper in the annual Review of microbiology, any Pathog En, survives in a chronic form benefits by keeping the host alive.28 through all, if a chronic bacterial form simply Kil LS its host, it'll no longer has a place to live. So according to Parsek, chronic infection often results in a "disease stalemate disease deadlock" where bacteria of moderate virule nCE is somewhat contained by the defenses of the host. The infectious agents never actually kill the host, but the host was never able to fully kill the invading pathogens either .

For biofilm to coexist with the host, the pathogen does not really kill the host, nor does the host fundamentally kill the pathogen. So the pathogen and the host were deadlocked.

Parsek believes that the optimal-in-a-bacteria to survive under such circumstances are in a biofilm, stating that "incre Asing evidence suggests that the biofilm mode of the growth could play a key role in both of these adaptations. Biofilm growth increases the resistance of bacteria to killing and may do organisms less conspicuous to the immune syste M. Ultimately this moderation of virulence may serve the bacteria ' s interest by increasing the longevity of the host. "

Biofilm (15) _ Coexist with host