CentOS Server Apache binding multiple domain names method _linux

Apache is one of the most popular HTTP server software, known for its fast, reliable (stable), and with a simple API extension, the Perl/python interpreter can be compiled into the server, completely free, and all the source code is open. If you have your own server or VPS, and do not want to buy expensive control panel for convenience, then your own hands to configure Apache has become a compulsory course. The following is a brief description of how to bind multiple domain names and their associated level two domain names by setting Apache http.conf files ( Suppose we want to bind the domain name is minidx.com and ntt.cc, level two domain name is blog.minidx.com, independent IP is 72.167.11.30).

How Apache binds multiple domain names

Open http.conf

1, ServerName 127.0.0.1 modified into ServerName 72.167.11.30

2, #NameVirtualHost * modified into "Namevirtualhost 72.167.11.30"

3, at the end of the file has a virtual host format:

#<virtualhost *>
#  ServerAdmin [Email]admin@minidx.com[/email]
#  documentroot/www/httpd/ html/minidx.com
#  ServerName minidx.com
#  ErrorLog logs/minidx.com-error_log
#  Customlog logs/minidx.com-access_log Common
#</virtualhost>
//Simple add:
<virtualhost 72.167.11.30>
 documentroot usr/local/www/
 ServerName  72.167.11.30
</VirtualHost>
<virtualhost 72.167.11.30>
 DocumentRoot usr/local/www/minidx.com/
 ServerName  minidx.com
</VirtualHost>
< VirtualHost 72.167.11.30>
 documentroot  usr/local/www/ntt.cc/
 ServerName  ntt.cc
< /virtualhost>

Log files can also be added according to their own path.

Apache How to add a level two domain name

Httpd.conf you need to turn on the Mod_rewrite feature (for specific instructions on URL redirection, you can refer to the. htaccess use method Summary), the specific operation is, at the end of httpd.conf, add the following:

Rewriteengine on

Rewritemap lowercase Int:tolower

Rewritemap Vhost Txt:/usr/local/etc/apache/vhost.map

Rewritecond ${lowercase:%{server_name}} ^ (. +) $

Rewritecond ${vhost:%1} ^ (/.*) $

Rewriterule ^/(. *) $%1/$1

The /usr/local/etc/apache is the path to your Apache server configuration file, which is changed according to the actual situation (for example, under/etc/httpd/). Then, create a file in the directory of this path: Vhost.map, which reads:

Www.minidx.com/usr/local/www/minidx.com

www.ntt.cc/usr/local/www/ntt.cc

Blog.minidx.com/usr/local/www/minidx.com/blog

Finally, under the site root directory/usr/local/www/, create the corresponding directory. If you need to add, modify or delete a domain name, a subdomain, you just need to change the Vhost.map file without restarting the Apache process.

-Summary of htaccess use methods

by Minidxer | January 26, 2008

It has been mentioned in the pseudo static link of the Discuz forum that utilizes the rewrite rule of the. htaccess. The use of htaccess redirection, let's take a more comprehensive look. htaccess. Htaccess is a very powerful distributed configuration file for the Apache server. The correct understanding and use of the. htaccess file can help us optimize our own servers or virtual hosts. For example, you can use the. htaccess file to create a custom "404 error" page to change the configuration of many servers. All we need to do is just add a few simple instructions to the text document.

UNIX or Linux systems, or any version of the Apache Web service, are supported. htaccess, but some hosting providers may not allow you to customize your own. htaccess files. The current mainstream virtual host provider in foreign countries, almost all support customization features.

Enable. htaccess, you need to modify httpd.conf, enable allowoverride, and you can use allowoverride to restrict the use of specific commands

If you need to use a filename other than. htaccess, you can change it with the Accessfilename directive. For example, if you need to use. config, you can configure it in the server configuration file in the following ways:

Accessfilename. config

Generally speaking,. Htaccess can help us implement including: folder password protection, user automatic redirection, custom error page, change your file extension, block specific IP address users, only allow a specific IP address, prohibit directory list, and use other files as index files, and some other features.

create a. htaccess document

. htaccess is an odd file name (from Win's point of view, it doesn't have a filename, only a 8-letter extension, but it's actually a name under Linux, and a lot of Linux stuff, we always think it's weird), In the win system is not directly through the "new" file to create, but we can use the copy in CMD to implement, such as Copy Sample.txt. htaccess. You can also create a htaccess.txt, and then FTP to the server, through FTP to modify the file name.

. One application of htaccess is

Custom error page

Custom error pages, which will allow you to have your own, personalized error page (for example, when you can't find a file), not your service provider's error page or no page. This will make your site look more professional when it goes wrong. You can also use a script to notify you when something is wrong (such as automatically email you when a page is not found).

Any page error code you know (like 404 can't find a page) can be made into a custom page by adding the following text to the. htaccess file:

ErrorDocument errornumber/file.html

For example, if I have a notfound.html file under my root directory, I want to use it as a 404 error page:

ErrorDocument 404/notfound.html

If the file is not in the root directory of the site, you only need to set the path to:

ErrorDocument 500/errorpages/500.html

Here are some of the most common errors:

401-authorization Required Need verification

400-bad Request Error Requests

403-forbidden forbid

500-internal Server error Internal servers errors

404-wrong Page Not found

Next, all you have to do is create a file that appears when the error occurs, and then upload it with the. htaccess.

.htaccess command

Disable display of directory listings

Sometimes, for some reason, there is no index file in your directory, which means that when someone has typed the path to the directory in the browser's address bar, all the files in that directory will be displayed, which will leave a security risk to your site.

To avoid this situation (without having to create a bunch of new index files), you can type the following command in your. htaccess document to block

Display of directory Listings:

Options-indexes

Block/allow a specific IP address

In some cases, you may want to allow only certain IP users to access your site (for example, only users of a particular ISP are allowed to enter a directory), or you might want to block certain IP addresses (for example, isolating low-level users from your information layout). Of course, this is only useful when you know the IP address you want to intercept, but most users on the Web now use dynamic IP addresses, so this is not a common way to restrict usage.

You can use the following command to block an IP address:

Deny from 000.000.000.000

The 000.000.000.000 here is the banned IP address, and if you specify only a few of them, you can block the entire network segment's address. If you enter 210.10.56, you will ban all IP addresses for 210.10.56.0~210.10.56.255.

You can use the following command to allow an IP address to access a Web site:

Allow from 000.000.000.000

The allowed IP address is 000.000.000.000, and you can allow the entire network segment as if you were banned from IP addresses.

If you want to prevent everyone from accessing the directory, you can use:

Deny from all

This does not, however, affect the scripting program's use of documents in this directory.

Replace the index file

Maybe you don't want to always use index.htm or index.html as the index file for the directory. For example, if your site uses PHP files, you might want to use index.php as the index document for that directory. Of course, you don't have to limit yourself to "index" documents, if you want to, use. htaccess you can even set up Foofoo.balh to be your index document!

These alternate index files can be lined up in a list, and the server searches from left to right to check which documents exist in the real directory. If one is not found, it will display the list of directories (unless you have turned off the list of directory files).

DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 messagebrd.pl index.html index.htm

Redirect (rewrite)

One of the most useful features of htaccess is redirecting requests to different documents within or outside the station. This becomes extremely useful when you change a file name, but still want users to access it with their old address. Another application (which I found useful) is to redirect to a long URL, for example, in my newsletter, I can use a very short URL to point to my affiliate link. The following is an example of a redirected file:

Redirect/location/from/root/file.ext http://minidx.com/new/file/location.xyz

In the above example, access to the root directory named oldfile.html can be typed: /oldfile.html

To access a file in an older subdirectory, you can type: /old/oldfile.html

You can also use the. htaccess to redirect the entire Web site's directory. If you have a directory named OldDirectory on your site, and you have set up the same document on a new website http://minidx.com/newdirectory/, you can redirect all files in the old directory without one by one statements:

Redirect/olddirectory http://minidx.com/newdirectory

In this way, any request to the/olddirectory directory in the site will be pointed back to the new site, including additional URL information. For example, someone type:

http://minidx.com/olddirecotry/oldfiles/images/image.gif

The request will be redirected to:

http://minidx.com/newdirectory/oldfiles/images/image.gif

If used correctly, this feature will be extremely powerful.

Note: Because Windows Live writer edits this article, you will automatically add hyperlinks when you encounter http://, so there is a special space added to it, which is not.

Password protection

Although there are all kinds of. htaccess usage, the most popular and perhaps most useful practice is to use it for secure password protection in the Web site directory. Although JavaScript can be done, only. Htaccess has the perfect security (that is, visitors must know the password to access the directory, and there is no "backdoor" to go).

Use. htaccess to add a directory password protection two steps. The first step is to add the appropriate few lines of code to your. htaccess document and put the. htaccess document in the directory you want to protect:

AuthName "section Name"

AuthType Basic

authuserfile/full/path/to/.htpasswd

Require Valid-user

You may need to modify some of these sections based on your site, such as substituting "section name" with the protected part name "Members Area".

/full/parth/to/.htpasswd should be replaced with a full server path that points to the . htpasswd file (later detailing the document). If you don't know the full path to your site's space, ask your system administrator.

Password-protected. htpasswd file

The password protection of the directory is more cumbersome than the other features of the. htaccess because you have to create a document that contains a username and password to access your site, and the information (default) is in a document named. htpasswd. Like. htaccess,. HTPASSWD is also a document without a filename and has a 8-bit extension that can be placed anywhere on your site (the password should be encrypted), but it is recommended that you save it in the Web root directory of your Web site so that you cannot access it through the network.

After you create the. htpasswd document (which you can create from a text editor), the next step is to enter a username and password for accessing the Web site, which should be:

Username:password

The location of "password" should be a password that has been encrypted. There are several ways you can get encrypted passwords: One is to use an online Permade script or write one yourself; another good Username/password encryption service is through the KXS Web site, which allows you to enter your username and password, and then generate the password in the correct format. For multiple users, you only need to add a single line of the same format to the. htpasswd document. There are also a number of free scripting programs that can easily manage. htpasswd documents, which automatically add/remove users, and so on.

When you try to access a directory protected by the. htaccess password, your browser pops up the standard Username/password dialog window. If you do not like this way, some scripts can allow you to embed Username/password input box in the page to authenticate, you can also in the browser URL box in the following way to enter the user name and password (unencrypted):http://username: password@www.website.com/directory/

The more commonly used is basically this, if you want to more specific understanding of the use of htaccess, it can refer to the Appache doc related documents.

The above is the entire content of this article, I hope to help you learn, but also hope that we support the cloud habitat community.