Common CPU architecture

The CPU architecture can be divided into two categories: CISC and RISC.

X86

CISC is a complex instruction set computer, which is dedicated to x86 and x86-64.

X86 is also called ia32, that is, Intel architecture 32 (intel32-bit architecture). Both x86 CPUs produced by Intel and those produced by AMD or via are ia32, ia32 does not have no patent protection, but AMD and via/cyrix obtain the right to use ia32 through cross patent authorization.

 

X86-64 is also called amd64, its Intel version is called em64t (Change the name), is amd on the basis of ia32 extended a set of 64-bit CPU architecture, the reason why intel can be used is the cross-Patent authorization between Intel and AMD. X86-64 is the new architecture amd uses in its latest athlon 64 processor series, but this processor infrastructure is still IA-32, with some extensions built on the IA-32 architecture, to support 64-bit applications and further improve the computing performance of the processor. Compared to Intel's 64-bit server processor products, the x86-64 has the biggest advantage of being fully compatible with the previous 32-bit X86 architecture applications, protect your previous investments; while Intel's itanium and itanium 2 series Processors require additional software or hardware for compatibility with previous 32-bit programs, so IA-32 (I .e. x86-32) x86-64 are x86, that is, Intel's 32-bit X86 architecture, such as Intel's 32-bit server Xeon (Xeon) processor series, AMD's full range, in addition, the full range of processor products of via belong to the X86 architecture.

 

IA-64

 

IA-64 architecture is intel in order to comprehensively improve the operational performance of the previous IA-32 bit processor, is Intel and HP jointly developed a 6-year 64-bit CPU architecture, it is a brand new processor architecture designed for the server market. It abandoned the previous X86 architecture and considered it seriously hindered the performance improvement of the processor. Its initial application was Intel's itanium series server processor. Now the latest itanium 2 series processor also uses this architecture. Because it cannot effectively solve the compatibility with the previous 32-bit application, the application is greatly restricted. Although intel has adopted various soft and hard methods to make up for this deficiency, but with the full investment in amd operon processors, Intel's IA-64 architecture's prospects for these two processors are not optimistic.

Reduced Instruction Set computers

 

In addition to the two types of server processors in the IA architecture described above, there is also a mainstream processor architecture, it can also be referred to as the "RISC" (in fact, it is a type of division by processor command execution mode ). The architecture is still used by IBM, sun, and HP. However, in recent years, due to the incomplete uniformity of the processor architecture standards, the development and application of the processor are very slow, the vast majority of the original medium-and high-end server market has been divided by the IA architecture by most of the country, which has become increasingly declining. At present, even these server manufacturers have begun to give up on their own, switch to IA, and launch more and more Ia architecture servers to survive.

 

A simplified instruction set computer is a commonly used computer.

 

I. IBM's power/PowerPC architecture (Power G4, G5, G6, and powerxcell), with superior performance, the first clock speed over 4 GHz

Ii. mips architecture (multiple manufacturers, including AMD, are also authorized to produce the mips architecture, and the Godson is also a MIPS variant)

Iii. Sun's ultrasparc architecture (ultrasparc III, IV, VI, T1, T2)

Iv. Alpha architecture of Dec (rare today, Dec was acquired by Compaq and Compaq was acquired by HP)

 

5. Intel and hp epic Architectures (iantium and iantium2), which are IA64 architectures and Intel architecture 64 (intel64-bit architecture), are sometimes listed as one type rather than the same

 

6. transmeta's VLIW (ultra-long Directive) architecture is similar to IA64's design philosophy to some extent. Sometimes it is also classified as one type rather than a single-stage.

VII. acorn's arm architecture (similar to MIPS, it also authorizes a number of companies to manufacture it, including Intel). Later, Intel developed the XScale architecture of arm variants. Currently, Android, Apple's cell phone CPU, Samsung, and Qualcomm are produced.

It should be pointed out that the current intel and amd cisc processor kernels are in fact all of them. They are dynamically translating complex commands into streamlined commands in the peripheral circuits of the kernel, then it is sent to the transcoding kernel for processing. Strictly speaking, the modern CPU is essentially a RISC processor.

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