Deliberate exercises are the criteria for distinguishing whether a person has grown up or not.

Rejecting success: achieving excellence in life with ease

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Studies from Berlin

As early as 1990s, the University of art (Universit? T der Künste), a group of three psychologists from the school started to study the violator.

As described in their subsequent psychological review, the researchers invited music professors from the school to help them pick up a group of outstanding violin players-in the eyes of the professors, these students may become professional performers in the future.

We call this group an elite player.

In comparison, the researchers also selected a group of students from the school of education. These students will be ready to become music teachers in the future. They are enthusiastic about violin, but according to the professor, their abilities are not of the same level as those of the first group.

We call this group a normal player.

The three researchers asked questions through a series of in-depth interviews. They send diaries to students and segment them into 50 minutes every 24 hours. They send students home to carefully record their time distribution.

After obtaining sufficient data, the researchers began to try to answer an important question: why are elite players better than normal players?

One obvious guess is that the elite performers work harder than normal performers. That is to say, they are willing to perform the necessary long-term strict exercises (tiger mom-style hours) to become excellent, while normal players are willing to spend time enjoying their lives.

However, the conclusions drawn from the research data are not as expected....

The Mode behind decryption excellence

First, we can overturn the assumption that the best performers practice more. The diary shows that the average time spent by the two groups of exercises per week is equal (about50Hours ).

The difference is how to arrange the time. Elites are deliberately practicing(Deliberate practice)The time spent is for normal players.3Times. Deliberate exercises refer to well-organized but uncomfortable exercises designed specifically for improving your abilities.

This is not surprising. The importance of deliberate exercises has been repeatedly proposed and repeated (c. f., Gladwell ).

This is not where the researchers are.

They also studied how students arrange their time. They found that normal performers were practicing all day. The chart in the paper shows that the exercise time in a day does not change, and the ratio of the average exercise time to the activity time in a day is a straight line.

In contrast, the excellent performers perform consolidation exercises in two clear periods. When you draw a curve between the average exercise time and activity time for these players, you will see two prominent peaks: one in the morning and the other in the afternoon.

In fact, the higher the player level, the more prominent the peak. For the elites in the elite, the few elite performers who are eligible to enter two of the best symphons in Germany in the eyes of the professors, there is basically no deviation from the two exercise sessions every day.

For contestants in his field, the effect of work and rest in daily life is equally remarkable. For example, sleep: An elasticsearch player spends one more hour sleeping than a normal player.

The same is true for eliminating fatigue. The researchers asked the performers about the ratio of exercise times per week to the time they spent in their part-time activities-an important indicator of subjective feelings to eliminate fatigue. Data shows that elite performers are much more relaxed than normal performers, while top performers are the most relaxed.

Hard work is different from hard to work)

Summarize the above research results:

▲Normal performers and elite performers work at the same time (spend 50 hours on music every week,

▲But they didn't spend their time on the right exercises (in the key deliberate exercises, they spent three times less time than the elite performers,

▲Furthermore, their exercises are scattered in disorder. So even if they are not more experienced than the best performersMore, You will still have less sleep and feel a lot of pressure, not to mention that the performance level is still so bad.

I will continue to see this phenomenon when researching high-achievement groups. For example, the study of top students is even more frequent, and I even name it the paradox of the relaxed fig ).

Here, the translator does not find a better match between hard work and hard to work in Chinese. Readers can refer to the explanations below for comparison and understanding.

This study has inspired me in this paradox. It provides experimental evidence to prove the difference between hard work and hard work:

Hard work is deliberate practice. Deliberate exercises are not interesting, but do not need to be done a lot every day (on average, 3.5 hours of deliberate exercises are done by elite players every day and completed twice ). At the same time, deliberate exercises provide you with measurable ways to improve your technology, which produces a strong sense of satisfaction and motivation. Therefore, though it is hard to practice, it can be done in a pleasant day without exhausting you.

▲In contrast, hard to work can make people exhausted. It puts you in a wrong busy state every day, and you will feel tired and stressed like the normal performers in the Berlin Study. As we just know, this has no effect on improving the results.

This analysis draws a very important conclusion. Whether you are a student or a person in the workplace, if your goal is to achieve an outstanding life, then busy and fatigue should be your enemy. If you feel a lot of pressure and work late for a long time, you will be wrong. You are like a normal player in the Art University-not an elite. You are building your life by working hard rather than working hard.

My own suggestion for this study is to make a simple life: to do less, but to do it with full input and concentration. Enjoy the rest of your work.

Original English:If you're busy, you're doing something wrong: the surprisingly relaxed lives of elite achieversBy studyhacks

 

 

 

To continue, what is deliberate learning, or deliberate learning is to continue to do things that are not good for you. But it is important to you.

 

1. You need to rethink your values and happiness view.

The true "deliberate exercise", although the result is beyond the pleasure of the self, but the process is very painful. During learning, we need to constantly set up obstacles, mobilize various resources to conquer them, and consciously leave the "comfort zone" of ourselves again and again ". I am ashamed to say that most people, including myself, are hard to stick to this process. The difficulty and challenge of "deliberate practice" clearly distinguishes different people. 10 years ago, I first readArticleThe four kings of MFC, followed by the glorious C ++ProgramThe four books and five classics of design are the roadmap of programming learning, listing a series of essential books from Foundation to improvement. At that time, I was too ambitious to take it off, but when I learned "C ++ standard library", I came back. So many years later, I met Meng Yan, the author of the book, and said with guilt, you have translated a good book, but I have no perseverance.

Therefore, software apprentices who want to invest in "deliberate exercises" need a lofty self-expectation and perseverance. The average person is almost the same. A software apprentice who is interested in "deliberate practice" is really desperate to reach a high realm, has expectations and requirements for himself, deliberately compares himself with himself, and cannot go with himself, as Marten Gustafson said, "The essence is this kind of concern and skill improvement requirements."

2. You need to take the initiative to find a "master" for yourself.

"Private teacher" is a more effective learning method than school education ." The essence of deliberate practice is to constantly do what you do not do well, precisely in the "Learning Area", requiring a high degree of pertinence. In many cases, this requires a good master or coach, which can be found from the perspective of onlookers. "Deliberate exercises" must be taught in accordance with their aptitude, in small classes, or even one-on-one teaching.

It is said that Mozart should be a strong evidence of the genius theory, but people found that his father was the best music teacher at that time. From the age of three, Mozart resigned and guided him around the clock at home, this kind of educational condition is rarely enjoyed by anyone.

what if I don't have a good master? Lin Rui, a software engineering expert, summed up the first experience in "Ten Years of College", that is, to actively create an environment. Zhou Hongyi's help to him was mentioned, "so I asked Zhou Hongyi, who only had one reason to work in Beijing. When I carefully show about 0.1 million lines of C ++ Code software, he pointed out multiple major design mistakes within ten minutes. ...... Zhou Hongyi was relieved and thought that I needed to cure the severe illness. Therefore, he tried to hide me in the Department under his jurisdiction and asked me to learn how to do things. I came back from Beijing University for two months and admitted that I failed. I listed dozens of problems I noticed and overcome them one by one in the future ."

3. make full use of the power of the network and open source

Programmers conduct "deliberate exercises". Compared with other fields, they have a natural advantage in that they can make full use of the Internet and open source. In addition to the method mentioned in software developer roadmap: From apprenticeship to masters, Hacker NewsTechnical CommunitySome network resources, such as codingdojo (programming platform), Code kata (21 well-designed programming exercises), RubyCommunity.

Excellent startupSource codeIt is also a good learning object. The stackoverflow Q & A community recommends that you use Franklin's learning and writing method to analyze a piece of excellent open-source code, sort out the logic, take notes, and then try to implement it again and compare it with the source code. This process can be carried out cyclically.