Differences between OLTP and OLAP

In 1960s, E. F. codd, the father of relational databases, proposed a relational model to promote the development of online transaction processing (OLTP) (data is stored in the form of tables rather than files ). 1993, E. f. codd proposed the OLAP concept, and believed that OLTP could not meet the needs of end users for database query and analysis, and SQL for simple query of large databases could not meet the requirements of end users for analysis. A user's decision analysis requires a large amount of computation on the relational database to obtain results. The query results cannot meet the requirements of decision makers. Therefore, E. F. codd proposes the concept of multidimensional database and multidimensional analysis, that is, OLAP.

The differences between online transaction processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) are mainly distinguished by the following five points.
User and system orientation:
OLTP is customer-oriented and used for transaction and query processing.
OLAP is market-oriented and used for data analysis
Data content:
The OLTP system manages the current data.
The OLAP system manages a large amount of historical data and provides a collection and aggregation mechanism.
Database Design:
OLTP adopts the entity-contact ER model and application-oriented database design.
OLAP adopts the star or snowflake model and topic-oriented database design.
View:
OLTP focuses on the current data of an enterprise or department, and does not involve historical data or data of different organizations.
OLAP is the opposite.
Access Mode:
OLTP system access is mainly composed of short atomic transactions, which require parallel and recovery mechanisms.
Access to OLAP systems is mostly read-only.

OLTP is the main application of traditional relational databases, mainly for basic and daily transaction processing, such as bank transactions.
OLAP is the main application of the data warehouse system. It supports complex analysis operations, focuses on decision support, and provides intuitive and easy-to-understand query results.

The following table lists the comparison between OLTP and OLAP:

OLTP OLAP
 
User
Operator and lower-level management personnel
Decision makers and senior management personnel
 
Function
Routine operations
Analysis and decision-making
 
DB Design
Application-oriented
Subject-oriented
 
Data
Latest, detailed, two-dimensional, discrete
Historical, aggregated, multidimensional, and integrated
 
Access Scale
Read/write several (or even several hundred) records
Reads millions or even hundreds of millions of records
 
Operation Frequency
Very frequent (in seconds)
Relatively loose (in hours or even weeks)
 
Work Unit
Strict transactions
Complex Query
 
Number of users
Hundreds to tens of millions
Several-hundreds
 
DB size
100mb-gb
100gb-tb
 

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