English translation of Science and Technology (8) Quantity

 

8. Quantity (361-400)

 

361. Scores of experiments were done but none was successful.

 

After dozens of experiments, none of them succeeded.

 

362. There remains a world of observations to be processed.

 

There is still a large amount of observation data to be processed.

 

363. Temperature decreases with elevation through the troposphere at a rate, normally, of about 0.6 ℃ for 100 m.

 

In the trotters, the temperature decreases with the height, and the progressive reduction rate is usually about 100 ℃ for every 0.6 meters increase.

 

364 Surrounding the continental shorelines, for a distance of the order of 100 or 200 km, the water are relatively shallow, averaging some 200 m in depth.

 

The coastline around the continent is about 200-kilometers away from the sea, with an average depth of about

 

365. The processes and circulations are instrumental in the formation of mesoscale pressure similar to those shown in Fig.1 (I. e., with diameters on the order of several hundred kilometers ).

 

These processes and circulation contribute to the formation of a medium-scale atmospheric pressure system (that is, a system with a diameter equivalent to several hundred kilometers), as shown in figure 1.

 

366. The residual effects of the cloud clusters are generally ignored even though the area they cover is perhaps an order of magn1_larger than the convective region itself.

 

The residual effects of clouds are usually negligible, even if the areas they cover may be larger than the convection zone itself.

 

367. In troposcatter transmission it turns out that M is of the order of magnqueue of 100 to 1000.

 

It has been proved that M is an order of magnitude between 100 and 1000 in the trotters scattering communication.

 

368. The value of R by (18) may be in error by as much as 20%, as shown in the table.

 

As shown in the table, the R value obtained by equation (18) may have an error of 20%.

 

369. Most deep ocean basins range in depth from about 4 to 6 kilometers, with some narrow trenches near Pacific Ocean Basin margins dropping to as low as 11 km below sea level.

 

Most basin ranges from 4 kilometers to 6 kilometers in depth, and some narrow trenches at the edge of the basin near the Pacific Ocean can drop down to 11 kilometers below sea level.

 

370. But these motions are composed of a myriad of scales or groups of scales with time scales ranging from seasons to minutes.

 

These movements are composed of a large number of different scales, or multi-scales. Their time scales from a few seasons to several minutes.

 

371. water vapor in the lower atmosphere can vary in amount from a mere trace in arid regions to about 4% by volume in moist areas.

 

The amount of water vapor in the lower layers of the atmosphere is very small in the dry area (volume), while the volume in the humid area accounts for about 4%.

 

372. As the waves from the Aleutian earthquake hit the Hawaiian Islands, they were driven ashore in a few places as a rapidly moving wall of water up to 6 meters high.

 

When waves struck the Hawaiian Islands caused by an earthquake in the alios islands, these waves formed a fast moving water wall up to 6 meters high on the coast.

 

373. The rural mixing height growth rate was about twice as large as urban values for up to 3 h after sunrise.

 

Within three hours after the sunrise, the height of the mixed layer in rural areas is about doubled (that is, about twice the height of the hybrid layer ).

 

374. Gusty winds may blow out of a thunderstorm at speed in excess of 75 miles an hour.

 

A gust can blow out of a thunderstorm at a rate of more than 75 miles per hour.

 

375. It appears that some ocean regions (e.g. the southern Indian Ocean)

 

Rarely produce waves much higher than 13 meters.

 

It seems that some foreign regions, such as the southern Indian Ocean, rarely generate a wave much higher than 13 m.

 

376. The length of hair changes by about 2.5% between 0 and 100% relative humidity.

 

The hair length changes from 0% to 100% relative humidity to about 2.5%.

 

377. The magncategory of g varies throughout the ocean from its mean value of approximately 981? Sec-2 by less than 0.3%.

 

Is the value of g in the whole ocean about 981 cm? The average value of second-2 is less than 0.3%.

 

378. Evaporation from sea water is about 5% less than from fresh water, other conditions being the same.

 

At the same time as other conditions, the evaporation of (from) seawater is approximately 5% smaller than that of (from) fresh water.

 

379. In summary, under zero till crop response to nitrogen levels in the spring was approximately twice as large compared to conventional till.

 

In short, the response of spring crops to soil nitrogen content is about twice that of conventional farming under the condition of free farmland.

 

380. The temperature there may be 5 times higher in summer as compared to winter.

 

The temperature may be 5 times higher in summer than in winter.

 

381. It was found that three times as much rain fell to the ground from seeded single clouds as from unseeded clouds.

 

It is found that the rainfall from a single cloud that has been broadcast to the ground is three times the rainfall from the unbroadcast cloud.

 

382. Such soil can improve conduvity vity over threefold.

 

This soil can increase the thermal conductivity to three times or more.

 

383. If the speed is doubled, keeping the radius constant, the centripetal force becomes four times as great.

 

If the radius remains the same and the speed increases by 1 time, the centripetal force increases by 4 times (increased by 3 times ).

 

384. Over the range of air temperature, the saturation vapor pressure fluctuates from less than 1/10 to over 100 millibars, or by a factor of 1000.

 

In the temperature change range, the saturated vapor pressure changes between less than 1 Mbit/s and more than 100 Mbit/s (that is, more than 1000 times.

 

385. The advantage of the present scheme lies in a fivefold ction in manpower.

 

The advantage of this solution is to reduce manpower by 4/5 (that is, to 1/5 ).

 

386. If the distance between two objects is shortened twice, then the gravitational pull grows by a factor of 4.

 

If the distance between the two objects is reduced by half (reduced to 1/2 of the original size), the gravity increases to 4 times (increased by 3 times ).

 

387. Had we chosen D = 2 km as used in the data analysis in this study, the growth rate wowould have been a factor 2 smaller.

 

If D = 2 km is selected as in the data used in this article, the growth rate will be halved.

 

388. Often the distance between the rows is about twice their height.

 

The distance between clouds is usually about twice the height of a cloud.

 

389. A medium-thick shelterbelt can reduce wind velocity by more than 10 percent to a distance of 20 times the tree height on the leeward side and three times the height to the windward.

 

Moderate-thickness wind defense forests can be at 20 times the distance from tree height on the backwind side, while at the windward side, they can be at 3 times the distance from tree height to reduce the wind speed by more than 10%.

 

390. From the principle of work, the product of the Resistance times its distance equals the product of the effort times its distance.

 

Based on the principle of work, the product of resistance and distance is equal to the product of force and distance.

 

391. a calorie is defined as the quantity of heat required at one atmosphere to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 ℃, usually from 14.5 to 15.5 ℃.

 

A calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a gram of water by 1 ℃ under an atmospheric pressure, usually from 14.5 ℃ to 15.5 ℃.

 

392. The number of upper-air stations had been increased to 138 by the fall of 1980 over the area.

 

The number of high-altitude stations in this region has increased to 1980 in the autumn of 138.

 

393. It may be quite useful to know that although a new algorithm is not optimal, it is within 12.3% of optimal at worst and 4.7% on average.

 

Although the new algorithm is not the best, it is only 12.3% less than the optimal value in the worst case, and only 4.7% less than the average. It may be useful to know this.

 

394. The standard meter fulfilled its duty perfectly, although its length has been found much later too short by 0.23 with respect with the meridian.

 

The standard meter is very successful in application, although it was found that its length is 0.23mm shorter than the warp.

 

395. In the sea water sampled the salinity is two parts per thousand.

 

In the sampled seawater, the salinity is 2.

 

396. Neon, a rare gas in the air, takes only fractional percentage point of the volume.

 

Neon is a rare gas in the air, which only accounts for a few thousandth of the air volume.

 

397. In a infinite and empty space the geomagnetic field falls off in strength with the third power of distance.

 

In an infinite and vacuum space, the intensity of the geomagnetic field degrades with the Power 3.

 

398. The measured time is rounded to the nearest whole minute.

 

The measurement time is an integer to the nearest minute.

 

399. Although the earth, nearly 93,000,000 miles distant, intercepts less than 1/2, 000,000,000 part of the solar output, this fraction amounts continuously to 23,000,000,000,000 horsepower.

 

Although the earth is close to 93,000,000 miles from the Sun, only 1/2 of the solar energy is intercepted, but this small part has always been 000,000,000 horsepower.

 

400. In this case latent heating and radiation cooling are comparable.

 

In this case, the latent heat is equivalent to the Radiation Cooling value.