Fixed Asset Business Practices

I. Acquisition of Fixed Assets

There are two sources of fixed assets required for enterprise production and operation: Outsourcing and self-building. If the purchased fixed assets need to be installed, they need to be calculated through the construction in progress. for management purposes, some enterprises require that the purchased fixed assets go through the construction in progress; self-Built Fixed assets refer to the production devices, machines, equipment or buildings required by the enterprise to manufacture and operate on its own, which must be calculated by the projects under construction and transferred to the fixed assets after completion, there is usually a large amount of engineering construction in the petroleum, communication, transportation and other industries. In the construction process of large-scale investment projects in these industries, in addition to the enterprise's own engineering team, there are also a large number of external construction contractors involved, the business Implementation of purchased fixed assets in SAP can be divided into the following situations:

(1). Fixed assets acquisition, no purchase order (tcode: F-90/F-02)

Fixed asset distribution suppliers without a purchase order (Corresponding to accounts payable) And without a supplier (Direct PaymentCan use F-90 or F-02, asset business type 100(Standard asset business types are used below. In actual projects, pay attention to standardizing the asset business types of the group.).

If direct payment is made, the entries are as follows:

DR: Fixed assets/construction in progress (accounting code 70, asset business type 100)

Cr: bank deposits (accounting code 50)

If you need to record suppliers of fixed assets, use the accounting code 31. The entries are as follows:

DR: Fixed assets/construction in progress (accounting code 70, asset business type 100)

Cr: Accounts payable-supplier 58600050 (accounting code 31)

Check the asset master data (tcode: AS03) to find that the supplier has been written to the asset master data, such:

At this time, the amount of outstanding payable items will be generated and cleared with bank deposits.

Sporadic acquisition/inventory profit of assets (tcode: abzon | F-02)

Is abzon.

[1]. select a new asset to create new asset data at the same time.

[2]. Enter the appropriate purchase date and amount in the business data

[3]. in "additional details", you can choose to write off the subject. The default charge off is to use "corresponding subject: purchase value accounting" in "purchase account allocation ", generally, people prefer to configure a "Fixed Assets cleanup" subject for this subject. If you enter a bank account here, the entries are as follows:

DR: Fixed assets (accounting code 70)

Cr: bank deposits (accounting code 50, I .e. sporadic purchase business, default "Fixed Assets clearing"

[4]. You can select an asset business type for purchase. If you do not select an asset business type, the default value is 100. If you select a service type

101 is actually the original asset value.

[5]. You can enter multiple asset numbers at the same time. For example, if an enterprise has multiple small asset inventory profit items, you can perform centralized processing and manually fill in the items to be processed for the offset items-asset inventory profit (For asset inventory loss, you can use the corresponding tcode: abavn).

In fact, abzon's business can also be handled using a F-02, if you are familiar with the accounting code.

(2) obtain fixed assets with purchase orders (tcode: me21n-> Migo-> Miro)

Most enterprises are relatively strict in payment management, which is especially important for enterprises with insufficient cash flow. The procurement of fixed assets is usually done by the relevant departments after the purchase is approved. Some foreign companies require that all payments must go through the purchase order, for example, when purchasing office stationery, the ERP system provides a purchase order (Directly go to the office fee, and receive the goods directly corresponds to the relevant cost center) Or normal purchase (Office stationery needs to be stored in the warehouse for management, and each department needs to send materials at the cost center when receiving the materialsIn either of the two ways, ERP also provides an asset procurement order processing solution. Procurement orders for fixed assets can be approved using the procurement order approval function, which clearly achieves remarkable results in enterprise process control.

The procedure is as follows:

I. Create an asset purchase order (tcode: me21n)

 

For example, select a from "account assignment category"> "account assignment", enter a short text, and enter the fixed asset number you have purchased in the "account assignment" screen automatically displayed on the project page, now go to the "delivery" screen. By default, the system does not generate accounting creden, when the fixed assets are received, and only accounting creden, are generated during invoice verification, this control mark has the "unevaluated receipt" flag control of the screen. If this option is not selected by default, migo will not generate a credential for receiving the goods. You can change the flag according to the actual situation of the enterprise, for example, for the purchase of some production devices to be installed, the equipment supplier will deliver parts in fraction times, and then issue an invoice, if the value of a fixed asset is determined only when the final invoice is received without generating accounting creden, an off-account asset is formed. You can consider generating the following creden: when receiving the asset:

DR: Construction in progress (accounting code 70, asset business type 120-> receipt)

Cr: gr/Ir (accounting code 96)

If the invoice is received across the month, it is included in the construction in progress to avoid generating off-account assets. After the last invoice is verified, the construction in progress can be transferred to the corresponding asset.

*You can modify the configuration, IMG path Material Management-> purchase-> account allocation-> range household account allocation category (SE16: v_t163k) remove the "unassessed shipment" Mark corresponding to Category A of Subject Assignment, so that the goods are delivered by valuation by default when the asset purchase order is opened..

Ii. Fixed asset receipt (migo) and invoice validation (Miro)

Asset receipt can generate creden. or generate creden. only after invoice verification.

(A). If the "Goods receipt without valuation" sign is selected for the asset purchase order, migo will not generate accounting creden. The Miro invoice verification will generate the following creden:

DR: Construction in progress (accounting code 70, asset business type 100-> external asset purchase)

Cr: Accounts payable-supplier 58600050 (accounting code 31)

(B). If the "Goods receipt without valuation" flag is not selected in the asset purchase order, the Migo entries are as follows:

DR: Construction in progress (accounting code 70, asset business type 120-> receipt)

Cr: gr/Ir (accounting code 96)

Miro entries:

DR: gr/Ir (accounting code 86)

Cr: Accounts payable-supplier 58600050 (accounting code 31)

Use the gr/IR intermediate subject like General material purchases.

(3). Prepaid project funds

In accounting books,PrepaymentWhen the project price is paid, the accounting process is as follows:

Borrow: Construction in progress

Loan: bank deposits"

The above entries do not reflect the prepayment process of the construction in progress. In practice, when the construction volume of the enterprise is huge, one supplier may involve multiple construction projects of the enterprise, even if the same construction project may involve multiple different contractors, the enterprise usually needs to pay a certain amount of money to the contractor in advance for different construction projects according to the construction contract, that is to say, you need to manage and divide the projects under construction into projects that are prepaid to different suppliers. There is a real case where a product line needs to be created in a factory and a set of equipment needs to be purchased from abroad. As a result, the device supplier has not made any advance payment. After a few months, "Everything is ready, and only equipment is not available, the results cause significant losses.

Now we will take an ERP processing process for prepaid projects in the procurement orders for construction in progress. Before that, we need to complete the following operations:

(A). Modify the field status group (tcode: ob14)

Modify the field status group (for example, limit 68). Make sure to select the group for the three fields and release the related fields, as shown in.

[1]. "Purchase Order" field in "Material Management.

[2]. "asset number/subnumber" in "asset accounting" is released.

[3]. The "contract" field will appear when the "Financial Assets Management" Field of "select group" is opened.

Select this field status group when creating a prepaid project account ." The "contract" field will appear when the "field" of Financial Assets Management is opened

(B). Set the special general ledger sign (tcode: obyr)

Set a special general ledger sign 7 for the prepaid project.

(C). ao90 sets the account corresponding to the asset

This includes one account: "Purchase: prepayment", which is also a project under construction, and the other subject is "corresponding account: purchase deposit", which is a prepaid project-intermediate clearing account, note that it can only be a general ledger account that can be directly recorded, for example, [1] [2].

(D). Prepayment of Project billing (tcode: F-02)

Enter the accounting code 29 and select special general ledger mark 7 for the prepaid project. For example, if the project is prepaid for the Account 1133050000, enter the asset purchase order/line item (Note that the purchased asset category can only be in the construction in progress; otherwise, the system will prompt the message "aa834". The entered transaction type belongs to the transaction type group 15. Only the asset category of the construction in progress is allowed.), The system will automatically bring out the corresponding construction in progress, so that the prepaid project can correspond to the purchase order, if you feel not satisfied, when setting the field status group, the "contract" field is displayed because the "Financial Assets Management" field is released. You can enter the relevant contract number of the project in progress, A construction contract may open multiple equipment procurement contracts or outsourcing cost contracts. By the way, you can set up an investment budget order in the main data of the Construction Project azgz001 to control the budget of the construction project, at the same time, it also serves as an auxiliary accounting information. With such detailed auxiliary accounting information, it can already meet various BT requirements. The saved accounting creden are as follows:

DR: prepayment (accounting code 29/7 + Contract No. + purchase order No. + asset budget order No)

Cr: bank deposits (accounting code 50)

DR: Construction in progress (accounting code 70)

Cr: prepaid project-intermediate clearing (accounting code 50, note that this is a general ledger account)

The first of the above four entries shows the prepayment in the AP module, and the third shows the construction in progress. If there are no more than two entries, when the balance sheet is prepared at the end of the period, you may need to adjust the prepaid project funds to the fixed asset class, and separately set the prepaid project funds to accurately reflect the project expenditure. This implementation method of ERP avoids this manual adjustment, because the first transaction is in the AP module, and the second transaction is in the general ledger, the two actually offset each other. Similar to the real-time transaction, the prepaid project is adjusted to the project under construction, you will understand the one set for ao90 for the project under construction.

(E). Clear Account payable in advance (tcode: F-44)

F-44 select special general ledger Standard 7 (Prepayment) And Standard outstanding items (For example, Miro Accounts payable), For the purpose of control, the enterprise requires that the two must correspond to the clear account, you can set a clear account format (tcode: o7z4s) to pull out important fields such as the purchase order, contract number, business scope and profit center, for example, for an actual clear image:

We can see the document No. 100000310 Contract No., purchase order No. and other information. If we need to clear and pay according to the purchase order, we have discussed why the payable account did not bring out the reason for the purchase order, if the enterprise conducts invoice verification based on the purchase order and does not involve multiple purchase orders, it will perform a summary invoice verification (At this time, the accounts payable correspond to multiple purchase orders, and the outstanding items of accounts payable cannot be written into the purchase order number.), You can consider using the enhancement method to automatically include the payable account with the purchase order, so you can clear the account according to the purchase order, which is very practical for some enterprises.

Reference: http://community.kingdee.com/pages/sapguru/blog/archive/2008/01/05/269001.aspx