5G wireless technology overview, 5G Wireless Technology

5G wireless technology overview, 5g millimeter wave speed , 5G Wireless Technology

For 5G networks in 2018, two of the five most important wireless technologies-multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and beamforming-have always been important for 5G networks.

MIMO and beam

For LTE/4G, the industry is approaching the theoretical limit of time and frequency utilization. The next step of 5G wireless technology is to use the spatial dimension to send strictly focused signals to different directions and use any given frequency as frequently as possible. When the industry uses these two technologies for 5g, the challenges still need to be overcome. These two themes have been making progress and changes in 2017, and may see more in these two aspects in 2018.

MIMO describes how to aggregate more and more antennas into an increasingly intensive array at the sender and receiver end to create more data stream layers. At the same time, the technology closely related to beam tracking is to direct each signal to the optimal path of the receiver while avoiding signal interference.

Beam will make MIMO more efficient. However, both technologies need to be further improved to be applied to 5G network systems.

Figure 1 5G will rely on the antenna array to provide a large amount of input and output (or MIMO); beam forming will direct the signal to a specific device. (Image Source: T-Mobile)

It is still difficult to physically narrow the antenna size. The MIMO array for 5G is very large (this is one of the reasons why 5g smart phones were unlikely to become available even later before 2020 ). The power consumption of most existing arrays is still too high to be fully practical.

The essence of beam is just like its name, but this term does not contain the complexity involved. In 4G, the transmitter performs triangular positioning on the receiver. In 5g, however, in 5g, the transmitter can also map to the physical environment, and then not only calculate the multi-path rebound, it also calculates how to stagger the signal stream and uses multiple paths without interfering with the synchronous signal. When either or both the transmitter and receiver are moving, the task becomes more difficult.

All of these are even more difficult due to the additional inherent technical challenges in the next important aspect of 5G wireless.

Millimeter wave 5g speed

Figure 2 signals must be guided along the two dimensions of height and azimuth to complicate the beam forming task. (Image Source: Qorvo)

Millimeter Wave)

5G distribution frequency was initially congested at 6 GHz. Most of the frequencies recently allocated to 5G services in different jurisdictions around the world are distributed across millimeter wave frequencies.

Millimeter Wave ranges from 30 Gbit/s ~ 300 GHz. The world's new 5G spectrum distribution ranges from 20 GHz (for example, 26 GHz and 28 GHz, which are technically not Millimeter waves but are usually classified as this type) to 30g ~ Several frequencies within 40 GHz and 40 Gbit/s ~ Several frequencies within 50 GHz. There is a 60 GHz Wi-Fi band available for 5G wireless, and other higher frequencies are under consideration.

Figure 3mm wave range (30 ~ 300 GHz) nearby and inner frequencies are particularly suited for higher data rates, but attractive despite flaws. (Data source: Ericsson)

On the one hand, these high-frequency signals will support a much higher data rate than 5g. In order to improve the spectrum efficiency that has been achieved so far, the industry still needs to work. On the other hand, the transmission rate of millimeter wave signals is significantly lower than expected. Millimeter wave signals and signals below 6 GHz cannot be transmitted far or penetrate through obstacles.

In general, 5g millimeter wave frequency ,many 5g components are still expensive, especially in millimeter wave spectrum. As economies of scale pull and possible innovations based on the future, further integration will certainly reduce costs.

Millimeter wave health risks

In the previous evolution of wireless networks, the basic task was to send data to mobile phones. That's right. It started from simple phones and grew to broadband access. Other types of devices are supported by 4G/LTE Networks, however, most wireless networks send and receive data from mobile phones, but this will change with 5g. 5G will become the enabling technology for many IoT applications, but it is equally important that these IoT applications will help prove the correctness of 5g evolution. Use cases, including IOT, are actually built into the 5G technology development blueprint, which is inherent in the development of the 5g market.

Millimeter wave spectrum 5g

Although many Iot devices will be directly connected to 5 GB, others will not. Many Iot applications will rely on a large number of simple, inexpensive sensors or other relatively simple devices. These devices may require low power consumption or ultra-low power consumption, or low latency, and may or may not need to communicate with each other to generate (or receive) the amount of data may vary greatly from device to device, and they may require real-time round-robin, or one day, one week, or even one month.

In many of these applications, 5g connections are not only a waste of technology, but also expensive, so many of them are economically unavailable. This is why the next technology introduction is also very useful to the 5g market.

Low-Power Wan (LPWAN)

In many Iot applications, a large number of devices will connect to the base station through some wireless technologies specifically designed for LPWAN, and the base station will connect to a high-speed and high-bandwidth network. The network may be 5 GB, but not necessarily; 4G connection is sometimes enough-sometimes 3G. Wired Access nearby is also possible. It may also be useful (if not ideal), but in many places, there is no wired network nearby, which is conducive to the adoption of 5G network connections.

5g and millimeter wave

There are currently several LPWAN options. They include LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Weightless, NB-IoT, LTE-M, Ingenu, and Symphony Link. The next version of Wi-Fi 802.11ax has a low-power option in the specification, which may also be included.

Some LPWAN technologies are proprietary, while others are the results of a more inclusive development process. They are open to varying degrees. It is too early to determine which one will become popular, but it is certain that LPWAN has more wireless options than the market may accommodate for a long time.

Mesh networking)

In some Iot applications, the use of wireless transmission technology is not only suitable for connecting a large number of simple and cheap devices, but also for interconnection with each other, this is the world of mesh networks. Some LPWAN technologies did not provide network support at the beginning, but now almost all technologies have been provided.

The mesh network is not unique to LPWAN. It has been incorporated into the WLAN technology. ZigBee and Thread support mesh network technology from the very beginning. The latest Bluetooth version has been added, and the next version of Wi-Fi will also have mesh network technology. The next version of Wi-Fi is known as 802.11ax, or Max (observing "11ax", turning the first 1 to another. Do you understand ?).

Wireless Mesh networks can certainly be used in 5g. In a static local area network where all connected devices are deployed, the mesh network cannot be easily completed. Considering mobile devices (people walking, drones, and automobiles), the difficulty increases. The industry is starting to support 5G networks.

Figure 4 a mesh network helps connect devices. One possible purpose is vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. (Data source: Michigan University of Technology, Michigan clinical ical University)