Codec learning notes (13): Containers (Part 1)

Video is an important part of Multimedia Systems in computers. To meet the needs of video storage, people have set different video file formats to put the video and audio in one file for simultaneous playback. Video files are actually a container that contains different tracks. The Container formats used are related to the scalability of video files.

FourCC is the Four-Character Codes. It consists of 4 characters (4 bytes) and is a Four-byte format that uniquely identifies the video data stream, there will be a FourCC section in the wav and avi files to describe the AVI files, which are encoded using codec. Therefore, wav and avi have a large number of FourCC equal to "IDP3.

ISO/IEC	MPEG-PS · MPEG-TS · MPEG-4 Part 12/JPEG 2000 Part 12 · MPEG-4 Part 14
ITU-T	H.222.0
Others	3GP and 3G2 · ASF · AVI · Bink · DivX Media Format · DPX · EVO · Flash Video · GXF · M2TS · Matroska · MXF · Ogg · QuickTime File Format · RealMedia · Redcode raw · RIFF · Smacker · MOD and Todd · VOB· WebM
Audio Only	AIFF · AU · WAV

 

3GP and 3G2 containers　

3GP (3GPP File Format) is a multimedia container defined by the Third Generation Partner Program (3GPP) for the 3g umts multimedia service. It is used for 3G mobile phones, but also for some 2G and 4G phones. 3GP is defined in ETSI 3GPP technical specifications. It is a video file format with a speech/audio media type and time information. It is used in IMS, MMS, multimedia Broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) and transmission end-to-end Packet Exchange streaming media service (PSS ).

3G2 (3GPP2 File Format) is a multimedia container. 3GPP2 is defined as a 3g cdma 2000 multimedia service. She is very similar to the 3GP file format, but there are some extensions and restrictions. 3G2 is defined in technical specifications of ipvpp2.

The 3GP and 3G2 file formats are based on the ISO basic media file formats defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 (MPEG-4 Part 12), but the 3GP file formats not owned by the boss do not have some of these attributes. 3GP and 3G2 and MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14) Similar, MP4 is based on MPEP-4 Part 12. 3GP and 3G2 are designed to reduce storage and bandwidth requirements for mobile phones. They are very similar standards, but there are differences:

• The 3GPP file format is used for GSM phones. The file extension is. 3gp.
• 3GPP2 file format is used for CDMA phones and has the file extension:. 3g2

3GP file storage Video Stream: MPEG-4 Part2, H.263, MPEG-4 Part 10 (AVC/H. 264), audio stream AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AMR-WB +, AAC-LC v1 and Enhanced aacPlus (HE-AAC v2 ). 3GPP allows the use of AMR and H.263 Codec in the ISO basic file format (MPEG-4 Part12) Because 3GPP specifies the use of sampling entries and template fields in the ISO basic file format, you can define a new box for codec. These extensions are registered as code-point in the ISO basic media file family ("MP4 family. For the storage of MPEG-4 media in 3GP files, 3GP requires participation in MP4 and AVC file format specifications, which are also based on the ISO basic media file format. The MP4 and AVC file format specifications describe the use of MPEG-4 content in the ISO basic media file format. Some mobile phones use .mp4 as an extension of 3GP videos.

The 3G2 file format can store video streams in the same format as the 3GP file and audio streams in the desired part. In addition, 3G2 can have audio streams including EVRC, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, 13 K (QCELP), SMV, and VMR-WR. The 3G2 specification also defines some freight stations with time files in the 3GPP. The 3G2 file format does not support Enhanced aacPlus (HE-AAC v2) and AMR-WB + audio streams. For MPEG-4 media (AAC audio, MPEG-4 Part 2 audio, MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264/AVC) that exists in the 3G2 file, the 3G2 specification mentions MP4
The file format and AVC file format specifications describe the content if used in the ISO basic media file format. For the content of H.263 and AMR stored in 3G2, The 3G2 specifications refer to the 3GP file format specifications.

The 3GP video has two resolutions:

 

• The resolution is 176 × 144. It is suitable for all mobile phones in 3GP format on the market.
• Resolution 320 × 240, clear, suitable for high-end mobile phones, MP4 players, PSP and Apple iPod.

ANIM

The ANIM standard multimedia file is used for digital animation of the classic Commodore Amiga. It complies with the iff ilbm main specification and is the first animation format officially adopted by the operating system.

ASF

Standard containers of Microsoft WMA and WMV.

WMV (Windows Media video) is a group of digital video codec formats developed by Microsoft. asf (Advanced Systems format) is its Encapsulation Format. The WMV file encapsulated by ASF has the "digital copyright protection" function. Extensions: WMV/ASF and wmvhd.

ASF (Advanced Streaming Format advanced stream format ). ASF is a File compression format developed by Microsoft to compete with Real Player. ASF adopts the MPEG4 compression algorithm, and the compression ratio and image quality are both good. Because ASF is a video "stream" format that can be instantly watched on the Internet, its image quality is a little less surprising than that of VCD, but it is better than the ram format in the same video "stream" format.

• File Extension:. asf. wma. wmv
• Internet media types: video/x-ms-asf, application/vnd. ms-asf
• Type Code: 'asf _'
• Unique type code: Identifier com. microsoft. advanced-systems-format
• Magic number: 30 26 b2 75
• Developer: Microsoft
• Format type: Container format
• Container capacity: WMA, WMV, MPEG4 etc.

AVI

AVI (the standard Microsoft Windows container, also based on riff ). Avi is the abbreviation of English Audio Video Interleave ("audio and video intertwined" or translated as "audio and video staggered"). It was a multimedia file format launched by Microsoft in November 1992, technologies used to combat Apple QuickTime. Currently, Avi mostly refers to an encapsulation format.

Earlier Avi was developed by Microsoft. The meaning is audio video interactive, which stores the video and audio encoding together. Avi is also the longest-lived format. It has been around for more than 10 years. Although it was released after the revision (V2.0 was released in 1996), it has become quite old. There are many restrictions on the AVI format. There can only be one video track and one audio track (currently there are non-standard plug-ins that can be added to a maximum of two audio tracks), and there can be some additional tracks, such as text. The AVI format does not provide any control functions. Extension: Avi.

Avi encoding:

• Video name (in brackets, it indicates the video's FourCC)
  O MPEG-1/-2 (MPEG/MPG1/MPG2)
  O MPEG-4 (MP4V/XVID/DX50/DIVX/DIV5/3IVX/3IV2/RMP4)
  MS-MPEG4 (MPG4/MP42/MP43)
  O WMV7/WMV8/WMV9 (WMV1/WMV2/WMV3)
  O DV (DVSD/DVIS)
  O Flash Video (FLV1/FLV4)
  O Motion JPEG (MJPG)
  O LossLess JPEG (LJPG)
  O H.264 (AVC1/DAVC/H264/X264)
  O H.263 (H263/S263)
  O H.261 (H261)
  O Huffyuv (HFYU)
  O AVIzlib (ZLIB)
  O AVImszh (MSZH)
  O Theora (THEO)
  O Indeo Video (IV31/IV32)
  O Cinepak (cvid)
  O Microsoft Video 1 (CRAM)
  O On2VP3 (VP30/VP31)
  O On2VP4 (VP40)
  O On2 VP6 (VP60/VP61/VP62)
  O VC-1 (WVC1)
• Audio
  O PCM
  O MP3 (0x0055)
  O AC-3 (0x0092)
  O AAC
  HE-AAC
  LC-AAC
  O FLAC
  O Indeo Audio
  O TrueSpeech
  O WMA
  O Vorbis

Encoding combinations can be freely selected based on the following examples.

• (DivX or XviD + MP3). avi,
• (H.264 + MP3). avi
• (WMV9 + MP3). avi

Avi, composed of XviD and MP3, is the most common.

DVB-MS

DVR-MS (Microsoft Digital Video Recording, Microsoft Digital Video Recording) is a specialized video and audio file container format, developed by Microsoft for storage by Windows XP Media Center edition, windows Vista and Windows 7 recorded TV content. Multiple Data streams (video and audio) are encapsulated in ASF containers with DVR-MS extensions. Video uses MPEG-2 standard encoding, audio uses MPEG-1 layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC
A/52 ). The extended format includes metadata for content and digital copyright management. These files are generated by the streaming Cache Engine (SBE. dll), which is a DirectShow component in Windows XP Service Pack 1.

MPEG/MPG/DAT

MPEG format: MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is a media encapsulation recognized by the International Standard Organization (ISO) and supported by most machines. Its storage methods are diverse and can adapt to different application environments. The MPEG-4 file is in part 1 (MUX), 14 (ASP), 15 (AVC) and so on. MPEG has rich control functions, including multiple videos (angle), audio tracks, text screens (Bitmap subtitles), and so on. MPEG's simplified version 3GP is also widely used on quasi-3G mobile phones. Extension: DAT (for VCD), vob, mpg/MPEG, 3GP
/3g2 (for mobile phones.

MPEG is also the abbreviation of Motion Picture Experts Group. This type of format includes a variety of video formats including MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. MPEG-1 is believed to be the most contact, because it is widely used in the production of VCD and some video clip download network applications, most VCDs are compressed in mpeg1 format (the recording software automatically converts mpeg1. dat format), using the MPEG-1 compression algorithm, you can compress a 120-minute-long movie
About 1.2 GB. MPEG-2 is applied in the production of DVD, at the same time in some HDTV (high definition television broadcasting) and some demanding video editing, processing there are also a considerable number of applications. Using MPEG-2 compression algorithms to compress a 120-minute-long movie can be compressed to 5-8 GB size (MPEG2's image quality MPEG-1 is unmatched ).

MPEG-PS: MPEG program stream, a standard container for MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 reference streams, on reliable media such as a disk or a DVD-Video disc.

MPEG-TS: MPEG transfer streams are digital broadcast and brick-and-mortar containers for transmission in unreliable media, also used on Blu-ray discs, typically carrying multiple video and audio streams as well as a guide to an electronic program.

N AVI

If you find that the original playback software suddenly cannot open AVI files of this type, you should consider whether you have encountered n AVI. N AVI, short for New AVI, is a New video format developed by an underground organization named Shadow Realm. It was modified by the Microsoft ASF compression algorithm (not the AVI in the imagination), and the video format pursued the compression ratio and image quality, so NAVI pursued this goal, this improves the limitations of the original ASF format and enables NAVI to have a higher frame rate. In this case, NAVI
Is an improved ASF format that removes the video stream feature.

 

Note: The above materials are from Wikipedia.

Link:
My industry ecosystem chain and miscellaneous articles