Current mainstream technology in computer technology and its social demand investigation report

Current mainstream technology in computer technology and its social demand investigation report

I. Current situation and development trend of project management application in IT industry
In China, IT industry started late, the application of project management in IT industry is still very immature. According to relevant statistics, the success rate of the project is between 1% and 2% in the project construction of ERP system in China. How to combine the development characteristics of IT industry with the implementation of project management to improve the success rate of project management is an important issue for the IT industry in China and also for project management experts.
At present, the organization of project management in domestic it enterprises is usually a weak matrix or a balance matrix type, most functional departments and project management are still in the "running-in period", the efficiency is low. In addition, the complexity of communication process is the prominent characteristic of matrix organization. It takes a long and arduous process to establish a modern enterprise system based on project management. At present in many it enterprise's personnel establishment, the project manager is still dispensable, the project manager most situation is by the function department personnel "Guest" or the part-time, very difficult to find the specialized project manager. Even with full-time project managers, it is difficult to achieve truly meaningful project management because of the lack of project management experience and the necessary technology. Another situation is that the project manager does not have the right to perform his duties properly and is defined as "megaphone", and the project is run in accordance with the traditional management of the industry.
Domestic large IT enterprises have more common use of project management methods to manage projects, there are many cases to improve management level, reduce costs, improve efficiency. Major enterprises in order to continuously improve their project management level, in the personnel training, system construction, experience exchanges continue to increase investment, many large it enterprises have also established a special project management research institutions, the use of send out, the introduction of the way to strengthen the exchange with international counterparts in the project management, Continue to explore the appropriate way for the project management of the enterprise.At present, China's small and medium-sized it enterprises have also adopted the traditional industry management model, this management model for small and medium-sized it enterprises have many drawbacks, the specific performance is as follows.
first, the project management theory is backward. Our country has introduced the modern project management method from the end of the 8 to the beginning of the 9 years. However, due to the late start, insufficient investment, the separation of research institutions and practice units and other reasons, compared with international project management, China's project management research is still in a less mature stage, the scope of application is mainly in the construction industry, defense industries, large projects and other management, the scope of application is narrower.
second, the feasibility of the project is not enough attention. The feasibility of the proposed project is to be studied technically, economically, in the market and other aspects, the purpose of which is to provide investors with the basis for decision-making, and to provide the basis and information for design and financing. However, at present, most of the small and medium-sized it enterprises in our country have not paid enough attention to the feasible, and have not been raised to a critical level. The feasibility of the project is a mere formality, which will only bury the curse of later work, and is likely to cause huge economic losses.
Thirdly, there are defects in the management system. The current project management model has flaws. Since the project is a complete system, each of these links should be coherent. At present, in many small and medium-sized it enterprises, the approval department, the Fund Planning Department, the project implementation unit each tube its section, in the project implementation process, lacks one to exercise the supervision, the management, the inspection, the Coordination Service function Organization. The consequence often causes the project to exceed the budget seriously, the time limit lengthens and so on phenomenon.
Four, the lack of qualified project management personnel. Since the introduction of the project management concept of the time is relatively late, the project management system research and practice started relatively late, until 1991 to set up a nationwide project management Research Institute, the current situation of China's project management Talent training theoretical environment is still relatively backward. The appointment of many project managers is mainly administrative appointment, non-competition, only according to the relevant business position criteria to appoint the project manager. Project management personnel not only need to have deep professional knowledge and work experience, proficiency and use of project management tools, methods and skills, but also have a strong organization, command, communication, coordination, control ability, and even to have a certain personality charm and prestige, The interpersonal relationship of project managers in some organizations is also one of the essential conditions for the success of the project. At present, in small and medium-sized it enterprises, many project managers are not specially trained to perform the corresponding duties.
In addition, the monitoring system is not perfect. Many projects generally exist in the project units do not pay attention to self-restraint, do not purchase equipment according to demand, project schedule management is not strict, the quality of personnel is not high phenomenon. The project quality, progress, cost three coordinate management inefficient. The realization of these three goals, need to have the corresponding technical methods to give assurances, and small and medium-sized it enterprises in this area there are serious shortcomings, and because there is no perfect project supervision system, resulting in low project quality, slow progress.
　　

Second, the common technology in software development project management and the demand of the recruiting enterprises for this technology

Software development Project management think tank: Project Management Office

Software development project Management is a professional project management activity in the field of software development, whose success or failure relates to the success or failure of the whole project, and affects the overall goodwill, market and profitability of the enterprise. Therefore, the software enterprise needs to pay attention to the improvement of project management ability. One of the important ways to achieve this is to establish a project management think tank to ensure project management success through the accumulation of project management expertise, expertise and expertise throughout the enterprise. If the software enterprise has the following project management symptoms, consider using a project management think tank.

The project management think tank is primarily the project management Room (management office), a think tank for enterprise project management, unlike the project team: the project Management Office is responsible for the general management of projects within the enterprise, but Management support is provided only for each project, and the project team is responsible for the operation and profit and loss of the project. In particular, the main responsibilities of the project Management Room are: first, the project management standard integration, mainly including the project operation process, project operation progress, project operation quality, project operation cost, project work efficiency and other matters of the standard unification; second, project management consulting Support, Project management room members through their rich project management experience and project management information for project management to provide problem solutions, problem prevention methods and various project management skills; Thirdly, project management and control support, mainly including: as a coordinator between projects, to promote the rational allocation of project resources; As a supervisor of project management, Predict and monitor the risks and solve the various projects; four, the project management personnel training, through a planned continuous system of project management training system for the development of enterprises to provide project management training services, and from inside and outside the enterprise to find excellent project managers, to ensure that the enterprise has sufficient project management human resources.

Software development Project Management Common technology: Performance drivers

General project management of common technology in the Software development project management also has the value, is the project management efficiency impetus. These technologies include work breakdown structure, milestone, key path method, plan review technology, S curve, earned value management, target management, responsibility matrix, resource demand histogram, charting, brainstorming, KJ, Montocaro simulation, checklist/template, basic statistical techniques, etc.

Work structure decomposition

The work structure decomposition (wbs:work breakdown structure) is a list of all the necessary work items from top to bottom before the project is completed. WBS is the starting point of project management, and WBS design is the most important tool for project management. The first step in project management is to define the project scope, clarify the deliverables of the project, and then define the activities, roles, responsibilities, and the structure of the project team. Project scope definitions can use a WBS to break down a project's "deliverables" from top to bottom into manageable elements that make up a tree chart.

Program Review Technology

The Program Review Technology (Pert:program Evaluation Review Technique) uses network diagrams to express the progress of activities in the project and their interrelationships, and based on this, network analysis, identification of key activities and?/span> routes, Use time difference to continuously adjust and optimize the network to obtain the shortest period. Then, the cost and resource issues can be taken into account in order to obtain a comprehensive and optimized project planning scheme.

Earned Value management

Earned Value management (evm:earned value management) is a way to measure project performance by integrating project scope, schedule, and project resources. Earned value management determines whether costs and performance are in line with the original plan by comparing planned workloads, actual earned and actual costs. Earned value management translates the plan and earned value into costs and measures and analyzes the performance of the project by comparing it with the actual cost of achieving the performance, which can be said to be a cost-and-schedule integrated control management tool. The management of earned value can not be separated from deviation management.

In the process of the project, by monitoring the cost variance and schedule variance, and the cost efficiency index, the progress Efficiency index changes, the forecast exceeds the cost and the schedule lag the situation to take the countermeasure.

Brain Storm +kj method

Brainstorming (brain storming) and KJ methods are all ways to implement creative development in the discovery of problems and problem-solving actions. Brainstorming is also called brainstorming, which creates a free, non-judgmental meeting environment that allows participants to speak, communicate, inspire, and generate a wealth of creative ideas that are designed to stimulate creativity with a combination of brainpower and to come up with more and better ideas. Its role is: to break the thinking set, encourage open thinking, to exert collective wisdom, in the view of others to establish their own views, break the communication barrier, form a team spirit, prevent minority control meetings. Brainstorming is very effective in understanding the status quo, collating issues, and discussing the issues involved in the process of digging into the participants ' opinions. In the Pmbok so-called scope, cost, quality, communication, risk and other areas of knowledge management is more effective.

In the case of uncertainty, the problem can be clarified gradually by KJ method. Therefore, in the software development process, more for demand analysis, business analysis and so on. In the project planning stage, it is more effective to pmbok the risk identification and countermeasures in the field of risk management knowledge. However, if you understand the KJ method is less members, its use will be more difficult. The ideas and ideas that have been specially concentrated are difficult to elicit from problem points and creative points if simply categorized.

Checklist/Templates

During the execution of the project, the project management team can make a checklist or a template (checklist/template), or it can be done by a project management office that supports project management in the case of success stories and failures of project review and oversight. Checklists or templates are best practices for your organization, and the accumulation of these experiences can improve the efficiency of project management and help prevent failures.

Demand Model Barometer

Project Plan Barometer

Project Plan Barometer

Team Management Barometer

Job Flow Barometer

Current mainstream technology in computer technology and its social demand investigation report