ORA-01031: insufficient privileges; meaning insufficient permissions; solution:
Log on to sqlplus sys/system as sysdba as a sys administrator;
Check System Parameters
Show parameter password;
Display result
Name type value
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Remote_login_passwordfile string exclusive
The remote_login_passwordfile parameter is exclusive,
Select * from V $ pwfile_users;
Username sysdb sysop
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Sys true
The Administrator has a sys user.
In the following example, the System user is granted the Administrator permission,
Grant sysdba to system;
In this way, the authorization is successful, and then select * from V $ pwfile_users;
Username sysdb sysop
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Sys true
System True False
You can see that system is used as the sysdba and system administrator.