General Project Management Knowledge

I. Project Definition

As a project manager,ProgramPersonnel, or artists and engineers are constantly engaged in project R & D, such as a human affairs management system and building, so what exactly is a project? This may not be clear to many people. Let's take a look.

A project is a one-time effort to achieve a specific purpose, use certain resources, and provide unique products, services or achievements for specific initiators within a specified period. Project management is to apply various knowledge, skills, means and technologies to project activities to meet project requirements.

From the definition of the project, it can be seen that both "work", "process", and "effort" have three meanings:

(1) A Project is a task to be completed, with specific environments and requirements.

(2) project tasks are limited to meet certain performance, function, quality, quantity, and technical indicators.

(3) A Project is a task completed within a specified period of time by utilizing limited resources such as people, finances, and things.

From the definition of the project, we can see that the project can be a building, a Avenue, and a product, it can also be the research of a subject, the design of a certain process, the development of a certain type of software, the establishment of an organization, the holding of certain activities, the implementation of a certain service, and so on. A project is a general term for establishing a new enterprise, a new organization, a new product, a new project, a new process, or planning and implementing a new activity, a new system, and a new service. The extension of the project is extensive. The construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China is a project, and the organization of a gathering is also called a project. So some people say: "Everything is a project, and everything will become a project ".

The description of the project target is generally included in the project proposal. The project has the following objectives:

(1) The project objectives have different priorities;

(2) The project objectives are hierarchical;

(3) The project has multiple objectives;

(4) The objectives of a project are often embodied in achievement and binding objectives.

The project has the following features:

(1) Temporary: there is a clear start time and end time.

(2) uniqueness: there are no two identical projects in the world.

(3) Progressive details: the previous stage can only be roughly defined, and then gradually clarified, improved, and accurate. This means that changes are inevitable, so changes must be controlled.

2. Project Manager

The project manager must be a leader and a manager. Leaders must solve fundamental issues in the development of the Organization and predict the future of the Organization to a certain extent. In general, their work should be general, innovative, and forward-looking. Give members directions and make everyone work in the same direction. Managers need to make specific things and make detailed work under the guidance of existing plans to contribute to the daily work of the Organization. What managers need to study is not change, but how to maintain the current good status and make it stable, and solve the existing problems well. In general, its work is specific, repetitive, and realistic.

From the perspective of the role played by the project manager, the project manager must have extensive knowledge, not only in the IT technology field, but also in the customer's business field and project management knowledge; must have rich experience and experience, good communication and coordination skills, good professional ethics, and certain leadership and management skills.

3. Project Stakeholders

Project stakeholders include project stakeholders, as well as individuals and organizations whose interests are affected by the project. They can also be referred to as project stakeholders. For all projects, the main stakeholders include:

(1) project manager. Individuals responsible for project management.

(2) user. Individuals or organizations that use project results.

(3) project execution organization. Project Team members directly implement the project's work, including other social personnel who may affect their work investment.

(4) project initiator. Execute individuals or groups inside or outside the Organization to provide financial resources for the project in the form of cash and physical objects.

It is sometimes difficult to manage the expectations of stakeholders. This is because stakeholders of different projects often have different goals that may conflict with each other. For example, for a department requiring a new management of information systems, department leaders may require low costs, while system designers may emphasize the best technology, the contractors who compile the program are most interested in maximizing profits.

At the beginning of the project, stakeholders of the Project continuously exert pressure or influence on the project team in different ways, in an attempt to develop the project in a favorable direction. Because the interests of project stakeholders are often in conflict with each other, and the Project Manager cannot cover all aspects, the most important thing in project management is to balance the interests of all parties, eliminate the adverse effects of stakeholders on the project as much as possible.