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Architecture, management, cluster, Disaster Tolerance, and ORACLE System Optimization on AIX (tentative)
Contents
Article 1 Architecture
Chapter 2 understand the server running environment... 2
1.1 AIX: A mature Unix... 2
1.1.1 elements of the AIX system... 3
1.1.2 log on to the AIX system... 10
1.1.3 rs6000 server structure... 12
1.1.4 AIX system management interface... 21
1.1.5 shell 23 used in Aix
1.1.6 AIX Storage Organization Structure... 23
1.1.7 AIX paging space (SWAP zone)... 29
1.1.8 AIX file system structure... 30
1.1.9 AIX Object Data Management... 33
1.1.10 run the current AIX process... 33
1.1.11 AIX user access process... 35
1.1.12 provision of various AIX services... 38
1.1.13 AIX Network Communication Settings... 42
1.1.14 common operations in Aix... 43
1.2 Oracle and Aix systems... 47
1.2.1 Oracle and Aix roles... 47
1.2.2 typical features of the Oracle system... 49
1.2.3 system global zone SGA .. 53
1.2.4 program global area PGA... 59
1.2.5 Oracle background process... 61
1.2.6 physical structure of Oracle Database... 64
1.2.7 database data storage... 72
1.2.8 database user access... 74
 
Chapter 14 managing and maintaining server equipment and services... 79
2.1 manage devices in Aix... 79
2.1.1 AIX device type... 79
2.1.2 hierarchical management of Aix devices... 81
2.1.3 ODM object database... 82
2.1.4 view the status and features of a device... 84
2.1.5 Device Configuration and detection... 85
2.1.6 view device property information... 87
2.1.7 create host hardware configuration file... 88
2.2 Manage services in Aix... 89
2.2.1 System Resource Controller startup... 90
2.2.2 starting and disabling system resources... 91
2.2.3 refresh system resources... 92
2.2.4 normally started resources... 93
2.3 AIX system error handling... 94
2.4 AIX system hardware diagnostics... 97
2.5 view AIX system logs... 97
 
Chapter 4 managing server storage... 3rd
3.1 basic AIX storage framework... 101
3.2 Elements of the storage concept of Aix... 104
3.2.1 physical volume and volume group... 105
3.2.2 logical volume and logical partition... 107
3.2.3 AIX log file system... 108
3.2.4 File System mounting and directory tree... 112
3.3 management of system storage structure... 113
3.3.1 volume group definition in the system... 113
3.3.2 add, delete, and set a volume group... 116
3.3.3 change of physical disks in the volume group... 119
3.3.4 reorganizing volume groups to improve disk performance... 120
3.3.5 volume group activity status management... 120
3.3.6 Management of volume group Import and Export... 121
3.3.7 creation and maintenance of logical volumes... 122
3.3.8 using images to protect logical volumes... 125
3.3.9 optimizing logical volumes through strip... 128
3.3.10 setup and management of physical volumes... 128
3.4 File System Management... 130
3.4.1 create and mount a file system... 131
3.4.2 Unmount and delete a file system... 133
3.4.3 Use and Maintenance of file system space... 134
3.4.4 extension of file system... 135
3.5 storage structure required by the Oracle system... 135
3.5.1 storage structure required for Oracle Installation... 136
3.5.2 create the storage structure required by Oracle... 136
3.5.3 create a bare device for the Oracle database... 141
3.6 use ASM to skip AIX volume management... 145
 
Chapter 4 Building an Oracle environment... 4th
4.1 General installation process... 147
4.2 prepare the operating system... 148
4.3 prepare the installation environment... 149
4.3.1 operating system file set and patch installation... 149
4.3.2 set operating system kernel parameters... 150
4.3.3 set up oracle users and groups... 151
4.3.4 prepare the file system for Oracle... 152
4.3.5 set Oracle user environment variables... 153
4.4 install the Oracle database system... 154
4.5 Database Configuration assistant dbca .. 160
4.6 upgrade the Oracle database... 168
4.7 create a bare Device database... 178
4.8 use the database controller... 181
4.9 restructuring the database controller... 184
4.10 use the console to manage databases... 185
4.11 use SQL * Plus to manage databases... 186
4.12 Use iSQL * Plus to manage databases... 188
4.13 auto start of Oracle in Aix... 189
 
Article 2 Management
Chapter 4 Oracle Database Management in Aix... 5th
5.1 database parameter files and parameters... 192
5.1.1 common Oracle parameters... 193
5.1.2 database parameter file... 194
5.1.3 database parameter adjustment... 196
5.1.4 operations on Parameter files... 197
5.1.5 dynamic and static parameters... 197
5.1.6 start database system... 198
5.1.7 shut down database system... 201
5.1.8 suspending the database system... 201
5.2 management of related services... 202
5.2.1 listener network service... 202
5.2.2 database controller service... 204
5.2.3 use of traditional OEM... 206
5.3 use the database controller... 207
5.4 script-based database creation... 210
5.4.1 plan before database implementation... 211
5.4.2 set database environment variables... 212
5.4.3 create a database password file... 212
5.4.4 create the required directory structure... 213
5.4.5 create the required parameter file... 213
5.4.6 start the instance to create a database... 214
5.4.7 data dictionary and PL/SQL package... 215
5.4.8 create a database controller service... 216
 
Chapter 4 skipping AIX Volume Space Management Using ASM... 6th
6.1 basic concepts of ASM... 218
6.1.1 ASM disk group, strip, image... 219
6.1.2 I/O Balancing Capability of the ASM disk... 220
6.1.3 combination of ASM and RAC structure... 221
6.2 Implementation of the ASM environment... 222
6.2.1 creating an ASM instance... 223
6.2.2 use dbca to create an ASM disk group... 223
6.2.3 create a database using ASM... 230
6.3 migrate to the ASM environment... 236
6.4 management of the ASM environment... 242
6.4.1 view the cluster synchronization service status... 243
6.4.2 starting and maintaining the ASM service... 243
6.4.3 creating and deleting a disk group... 244
6.4.4 create and delete disks... 245
6.4.5 mount and detach a disk group... 245
6.4.6 check disk group consistency... 245
6.4.7 manage the directory in the disk group... 245
6.4.8 view the content in the disk group... 246
6.4.9 start the database on the ASM... 247
6.4.10 back up the database on the ASM... 249
6.4.11 manage ASM under the database controller... 249
6.5 managing the ASM environment under RAC... 250
 
Chapter 4 managing Oracle space usage under Aix... 7th
7.1 tablespace and data file management... 251
7.1.1 create a tablespace... 252
7.1.2 tablespace resizing... 257
7.1.3 tablespace maintenance... 259
7.1.4 maintain the tablespace In the OEM... 263
7.1.5 maintain data files in OEM... 264
7.2 restore tablespace management... 265
7.2.1 single-node System Restoration settings... 266
7.2.2 restoring settings in cluster RAC... 267
7.2.3 System Restoration statistics and adjustments... 268
7.2.4 maintain and restore tablespace in OEM... 269
7.3 redo log management... 270
7.3.1 creating a log group and a log member... 271
7.3.2 deletion of log groups and log members... 274
7.3.3 log management under the RAC cluster... 274
7.3.4 maintain redo log in OEM... 276
7.4 control file management... 277
7.4.1 multi-Control File Settings... 277
7.4.2 Control File Corruption handling... 278
7.4.3 rebuilding the control file... 279
7.4.4 maintain control files in 0em... 281
 
Article 3 disaster recovery
Chapter 4 Design and Implement AIX system backup... 8th
8.1 AIX system backup design... 285
8.2 Implementation of Aix system backup... 288
8.2.1 backup of the rootvg volume group... 290
8.2.2 clone of rootvg volume group... 293
8.2.3 backup of a non-rootvg volume group... 294
8.2.4 file and file system backup... 295
8.2.5 other backup commands... 298
8.3 ORACLE System Backup... 300
8.4 cold backup of the database... 301
8.5 develop a system backup policy... 302
8.5.1 contents and scope of backup... 302
8.5.2 backup time selection... 303
8.5.3 backup storage method... 303
8.5.4 Backup implementation work form... 304
 
Chapter 4 ORACLE System Backup design... 9th
9.1 database recoverability settings... 305
9.1.1 operations on data files... 306
9.1.2 operations on log files... 307
9.1.3 check point and data loss... 310
9.1.4 control file and system running... 313
9.1.5 log and archiving operations... 315
9.1.6 select archive mode... 316
9.1.7 set to archive mode... 316
9.1.8 configure and set database archiving elements... 320
9.2 technical implementation of Database Backup recovery... 327
9.2.1 basic concepts of backup and recovery... 327
9.2.2 restoration of Oracle Database... 328
9.2.3 no need to intervene in the error... 329
9.2.4 error needing intervention... 330
9.3 Oracle backup recovery work environment... 331
9.3.1 selection of backup methods... 332
9.3.2 different combinations of backups... 333
9.3.3 recovery type... 335
9.3.4 two recovery steps... 336
9.3.5 recovery target setting... 338
9.3.6 backup and recovery policies... 339
9.3.7 test the system backup policy... 342
9.3.8 conducting system disaster drills... 342
 
Chapter 4 Implementing ORACLE System Backup... 10th
10.1 engineering problems solved by rman... 347
10.2 RMAN operating environment and typical structure... 348
10.3 RMAN usage and operation practices... 350
10.3.1 use the RMAN command... 350
10.3.2 Restore directory use... 353
10.3.3 job command use... 355
10.3.4 backup channel and Parallel Optimization... 355
10.4 start backup with rman... 359
10.4.1 connect to the database to be backed up... 360
10.5 perform database backup... 360
10.5.1 full backup of Database Backup sets... 361
10.5.2 Incremental backup of Database Backup sets... 365
10.5.3 limit backup size and compression... 368
10.5.4 back up local data files... 370
10.5.5 backup control file... 372
10.5.6 back up archiving logs... 373
Troubleshooting settings in 10.5.7 backup... 375
10.6 perform a safer backup... 376
10.6.1 create multiple backup sets... 377
10.6.2 creating an encrypted backup... 378
10.7 construct a routine backup system for the database system... 382
10.7.1 backup retention policy and maintenance... 382
10.7.2 Backup Task and backup script... 384
10.7.3 Add backup task to system... 388
10.7.4 back up data using Oracle tasks... 389
10.7.5 check the database status using the backup plan... 392
10.7.6 use IBM tape library and TSM... 393
 
Chapter 4 recover a crashed system... 11th
11.1 select the restoration method in case of failure... 396
11.2 Recovery in case of an error in Aix... 397
11.2.1 restore failed root volume group... 397
11.2.2 restore a non-root volume group (Oracle volume group)... 399
11.2.3 recovery of the file system (Oracle file)... 402
11.3 use tape for recovery... 403
11.3.1 AIX tape equipment and control... 403
11.3.2 restore the specified file from the mksysb backup tape... 405
11.3.3 restore the specified file from the savevg backup tape... 407
11.3.4 restore the specified file from the backup tape... 408
11.3.5 Back Up Files from tar and cpio... 409
11.4 ORACLE System data recovery... 409
11.4.1 restoration of data block damage... 410
11.4.2 restoration of corrupted data file... 411
11.4.3 restoration of tablespace damage... 414
11.4.4 restore the system tablespace... 414
11.4.5 database crash recovery... 415
11.4.6 Control File Corruption recovery... 416
11.4.7 restoration of Log File Corruption... 417
11.4.8 system reconstruction under overall crash... 418
11.4.9 recommended methods for database recovery... 418
11.5 database migration involving storage... 420
11.5.1 cold disk migration... 421
11.5.2 hot disk migration... 425
11.5.3 restore failed image... 428
 
Article 4 cluster
Chapter 4 construct an oracle cluster environment under Aix... 12th
12.1 Oracle cluster service... 435
12.1.1 CRS daemon process... 436
12.1.2 virtual IP address... 437
12.1.3 CRS installation time... 437
12.2 operating system configuration for CRS... 438
12.2.1 shared storage required for cluster structure... 438
12.2.2 network requirements for CRS and Rac... 442
12.2.3 AIX file set requirements... 443
12.2.4 modify kernel parameters... 448
12.2.5 OCR and voting disk... 448
12.3 preparation before CRS installation... 449
12.3.1 configure users and groups... 449
12.3.2 configure the cluster network... 451
12.3.3 set the cluster time... 458
12.3.4 configure local storage... 458
12.3.5 configure shared storage... 459
12.4 install CRS and cluster database... 478
12.4.1 check the cluster installation environment. 478
12.4.2 install CRS cluster system... 479
12.4.3 install cluster oracle. 488
12.4.4 configure listening for the cluster... 492
12.4.5 create cluster database... 492
 
Chapter 4 managing the Oracle Cluster Environment in Aix... 13th
13.1 managing cluster databases... 497
13.1.1 cluster running process structure... 497
13.1.2 consistency of cluster cache... 498
13.1.3 reconfiguration of cluster database... 499
13.1.4 use srvctl to manage clusters... 504
13.1.5 maintain the cluster registry OCR... 517
13.1.6 use ASM storage in a cluster... 518
13.2 specific management of cluster databases... 520
13.2.1 manage and restore tablespaces... 520
13.2.2 managing online log... 521
13.2.3 managing archived logs... 522
 
Article 5 Optimization
Chapter 2 configure the Oracle environment comprehensively on Aix... 14th
14.1 AIX system availability optimization settings... 526
14.1.1 workflow and engineering practices... 527
14.1.2 AIX memory allocation and scheduling... 528
14.1.3 CPU settings in Aix... 532
14.1.4 settings of the AIX file system... 534
Service Status setting in 14.1.5 Aix... 535
14.1.6 adjustable disk I/O... 536
14.1.7 network adjustment in Aix... 544
14.2 Oracle Application Comprehensive Optimization settings... 545
14.2.1 set database memory usage... 546
14.2.2 set the database process to use... 548
14.2.3 set database I/O mode... 551
14.2.4 set the database archive mode... 552
14.2.5 use the flash recovery area for archiving... 553
14.2.6 set the redundant control file... 554
14.2.7 control file information retention... 555
14.2.8 configure online redo log files... 556
14.2.9 set the number of online redo log groups... 557
14.2.10 set the data block checksum and check... 558
14.2.11 enable performance time statistics... 560
14.2.12 table space and segment management method... 560
14.2.13 configure multiple temporary tablespaces and groups... 561
14.2.14 use automatic revocation management... 562
14.2.15 set the spatial error delay... 562
14.2.16 set database flash back... 563
14.3 setting suggestions for cluster RAC... 564
14.3.1 register an instance of the remote listener... 564
14.3.2 set the internal interconnection network... 565
 
Chapter 2 Optimization of Oracle system running on Aix... 15th
15.1 consider performance factors in the system architecture... 567
15.1.1 server hardware considerations... 568
15.1.2 system scalability design... 568
15.1.3 optimization elements in system structure design... 570
15.1.4 elements of Optimization in application structure design... 573
15.1.5 load elements in application testing... 579
15.2 adjust the performance status when the system is running... 580
15.2.1 progress in performance improvement... 580
15.2.2 key for performance... 581
15.2.3 Performance Improvement workflow... 582
15.2.4 create a performance analysis flowchart... 583
15.2.5 common Oracle system errors... 584
15.2.6 emergency performance handling... 585
15.3 System Configuration Optimization... 587
15.3.1 initial configuration of the instance... 587
15.3.2 performance factors when creating a table... 590
15.4 Optimization of memory configuration... 592
15.4.1 Oracle memory allocation... 593
15.4.2 SGA memory allocation principle... 594
15.4.3 high-speed data caching... 596
15.4.4 sharing pool usage problems... 606
15.4.5 redo log cache... 613
15.4.6 principle of PGA memory allocation... 615
15.5 I/O configuration optimization... 616
15.5.1 understanding database I/O .. 616
15.5.2 Basic I/O configuration... 617
15.5.3 Implementation of balanced I/O... 620
15.5.4 typical project configuration... 622
15.5.5 select the data block size... 622
15.6 use of operating system resources... 623
15.6.1 function of operating system performance... 623
15.6.2 operating system cache and asynchronous I/O .. 626
15.6.3 check CPU usage and problems... 628
15.6.4 check CPU usage status... 631
15.6.5 AIX performance diagnostic command... 633
 
Article 6 Extension
Chapter 2 Comparison between Oracle and Sybase on Aix... 16th
16.1 databases supported by Aix... 636
16.2 differences in operating mechanisms... 636
16.3 different tools used... 637
16.4 physical database storage... 638
16.5 database logical storage... 641
16.6 database data storage structure... 643
16.7 database data lock model... 645
16.8 database index structure... 647
16.9 Database Transaction Processing... 649
16.10 database logs... 650
16.11 database data dictionary... 652
16.12 processing temporary data... 653
16.13 backup and recovery... 654
16.14 database consistency check... 657
16.15 database performance report... 659
16.16 differences in data types... 662
16.17 differences between database objects... 663
16.18 conclusion... 664

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