Information Security system design basics first week study summary

Learning process

Section I. Introduction to Linux systems

First, linux--operating system

1, so that multiple users from different terminal simultaneous operation of the host (time-sharing system);

2. Minix is a Unix-like operating system with limited functionality (Unix implements the TCP/IP protocol stack);

3, Linux itself is only the kernel of the operating system.

4, the kernel is to enable other programs to run the foundation. It implements multitasking and hardware management, and all of the programs that users or system administrators run interactively are actually running on top of the kernel.

5. Some required programs: command line Interpreter (shell)--for user interaction and writing shell scripts (. bat files).

6, most of the platform is open source software. For some applications that are not developed on their own, faster rewriting of the kernel makes it easier for programs to run on Linux.

7, both graphical interface operation.

Second, learning Path

1, Beginner: Linux system installation, graphical interface use, common commands.

2, Intermediate: Linux User and file system management, software installation configuration, network management, system maintenance, shell programming preliminary.

3, Advanced: (1) Linux Server domain: Database, firewall, DNS server, VPN server, Web server, mall server, FTP server, Samba server, NFS server, Cluster server ...

(2) Linux program development: Shell advanced Programming, Linux C + + program development, Linux Kernel Foundation, embedded development, Linux Driver Development .....

4. Linux kernel Research and operating system development ...

Section II Basic concepts and operations

I. Introduction to LINUX Desktop environment

1, on Linux you can choose to install a different desktop environment, and even can customize their own desktop.

Second, the use of Linux desktop environment

Third, the Linux terminal

1. Terminal Terminal

The Linux system provides a program called a terminal emulator (Terminal), which is done by a middle program called Shell, which completes the user input and display output in a window under a graphical interface.

2. Shell

Shell refers to the "user Interface" software (command parser), can accept users to input commands of the program, it hides the operating system underlying details, both the user interface and the control system scripting language.

3. Command-line Operation experience

(1) Tab key: Complete command Completion (enter only part of the beginning of a command and press TAB to get prompt or help)

Operation:

Open the terminal and enter the command to let the system execute:

Complete command, complete directory, fill command parameters:

(3) Ctrl + C key: When the wrong use of a command, the cursor in the blink can not continue to enter the command, or continuously in the output of a large pile of results you do not want, immediately stop and return to your controllable state, forcibly terminate the current program.

Operation:

Enter Find/After: When not stopped

After pressing the CTRL + C key:

(3)

Some other common shortcut keys

Key	Role
Ctrl+d	Keyboard input end or exit terminal
Ctrl+s	Tentative current program, pause and press any key to resume operation
CTRL + Z	Put the current program in the background to run, restore to the foreground for command FG
CTRL + A	Move the cursor to the input outfit, which is equivalent to the home key
Ctrl+e	Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the END key
Ctrl+k	Remove from cursor position to end of line
Alt+backspace	Delete a word forward
Shift+pgup	Scroll the terminal display up
Shift+pgdn	Scroll down the terminal display

(4) "Up" key: Restore the previously entered command

Operation:

(5) Wildcard: A special statement that has an asterisk (*) and a question mark (?), which is used for fuzzy matching of strings (such as file names, parameter names).

1. You can use it instead of one or more real characters when looking for a folder, or when you don't know the real character or are too lazy to enter a full name.

2. Wildcard characters are actually a kind of path extension function implemented by the Shell. After the wildcard is processed, the shell completes the reorganization of the command before continuing with the reorganized command until the command is executed.

3. Create a file using the Touch command

Operation:

Create multiple files at once:

4.Shell Common wildcard characters:

Character	Meaning
*	Match 0 or more characters
?	Match any one character
[List]	Match any single character in the list
[!list]	Matches a character other than any single character in the list
[C1-C2]	Match any single word in c1-c2 such as: [0-9] [A-z]
{String1,string2,...}	Match sring1 or string2 (or more) one string
{c2.. C2}	Match all characters in c1-c2 such as {1..10}

(6) Get Help on the command line

1. Get a description of a command and how to use it (see How to use the man command itself)

Operation:

Usually divided into 8 sections, arranged as follows:

6

section	description
1	General Command
2	system call
3	library function, which covers the C standard function library
4	special files (usually devices in/dev) and drive Program
5
games and screensavers
7	miscellaneous
8	system administration commands and daemons

To view the contents of the corresponding section, add a number to the corresponding section after the man.

Name (title)

The name of the command or function followed by an introduction to the line.

Synopsis (Summary)

For the command, formally describe how it runs, and what command line parameters are required. For a function, describe the parameters required for the function, and which header file contains the definition of the function.

DESCRIPTION (note)

A textual description of the function of the command or function.

EXAMPLES (example)

Some examples are commonly used.

See ALSO (cf.)

A list of related commands or functions.

There is a lot of content in the 2.man manual, looking for

N Key: Switch to the next keyword location.

Shift+n: Is where the last keyword is located.

Space (SPACEBAR): Page turn.

Enter: Scrolls down one line.

J,k (Vim Editor's move key): Scrolls forward backward by one line.

H key: Displays use Help (because man uses less as a reader, which is actually the help of the less tool).

Q: Exit.

Info command: Get more help, but it's usually enough to use man.

--help: If you know the purpose of a command, just want to quickly see some of its specific parameters.

4. Homework

Operation Steps:

Results:

(The '-W ' parameter specifies the print width)

Figure One:

Figure II:

Observe the above two figures, because the width of the different settings, the width of the figure is not large enough, the numbers can not be fully displayed.

Section III User and file Rights management

Information Security system design basics first week study summary