Introduction to computer composition and architecture: Performance Design

I. Computer composition and architecture

1. The computer architecture is the system attributes visible to programmers. These attributes directly affect the logical execution of the program, such as instruction sets, bit numbers used to represent various data types, input and output mechanisms, and memory addressing technologies.

2. computer components are operating units that implement structural specifications and their interconnectivity, such as hardware details visible to programmers, such as control signals, interfaces of computers and peripherals, and technologies used by memory.

 

Ii. Structure and Functions

1. The computer hierarchy system is a series of interrelated subsystems, and each subsystem is layered on the structure until it is divided into the lowest level of some basic subsystems that we can achieve. The behavior of each layer only depends on the simpler abstract features of the next layer of the system. At each layer, designers are concerned with structures and functions. Structure: The method of component Association; function: the operation of a single independent component as a structural component.

2. There are two types of computer architecture: (1) Establish a complete description from the bottom layer; (2) divide the system into sub-parts starting from the top layer. Many fields prove that top-down is the clearest and most effective method.

3. Four Basic functions that a computer can perform: data processing, data storage, data transmission, and control.

4. Four main structural components of the computer:

(1) Central Processing Unit (CPU): it controls computer operations and performs data processing functions. It is generally called a processor.

(2) primary storage: stores data.

(3) I/0: data is transmitted between the computer and the external environment.

(4) System Interconnection: provides some communication mechanisms between the CPU, primary memory, and I/0.

5. Main CPU Structure Components:

(1) control unit: controls the operations of the entire computer on the CPU.

(2) arithmetic logical unit (ALU): executes the data processing function of a computer.

(3) registers: provides internal CPU storage.

(4) internal CPU Interconnection: provides a communication mechanism between controllers, Alu, and registers.

Introduction to computer composition and architecture: Performance Design