Introduction to computer systems and hardware

Introduction to computer system and hardware composition

• Memory and hard disk

• Storage network

• Linux introduction

Our computers today are known as Classic von Neumann architectures, consisting of five components:   operators, controllers, memory, input devices, output devices, Arithmetic and controller is the central processing Unit, we commonly known as the CPU, storage is our memory, the common input device has keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc., common output devices have monitors, printers, etc., you did not see the wrong, the display is both input devices, but also output devices.

memory

CPU and external storage to interact with a temporary location , The program in this temporary place can hold instructions, data and intermediate results, the unit is generally MB or GB, it is worth noting that the memory is lost after the loss of data.

hard disk

What is hard disk, hard disk is one of our common storage media, which mainly consists of platters, heads, motors, platters made of metal or glass, the main role of the head is to read the data in the hard disk, the hard disk disc magnetic information into the transmission of electrical signals outward .

Basic parameters of hard disk: capacity, speed, transmission rate, cache

capacity is the most important parameter of hard disk, its unit has MB,GB,TB, its conversion unit is 2^10=1024. Rotation speed is the number of revolutions of the disc, in RPM, the current hard drive speed has been up to 10000rpm,15000rpm. Transfer rate refers to the speed at which the hard disk reads and writes data, in megabytes. The purpose of the cache is primarily to increase the read and write speed of the hard disk

interface of the hard drive: IDE interface, SCSI interface, SATA interface, SAS interface

Currently the main interface is the SATA interface and SAS interface, so the hard disk by the interface type can be divided into SATA hard disk and SAS hard disk.

SSD hard disk: SSD (soild State disk) is commonly known as the SSD, which is characterized by fast reading speed, high vibration resistance, no noise, of course, the price is high.

storage network

DAS, NAS, SAN

DAS (direct attached Storage): direct-attached storage with a storage device that is tightly connected to the host.

nas (Network Attachedstorage): Networked storage, file-based protocol, shared files over LAN, such as NFS,FTP, SMB

san (Storage area Networks): Network region storage, the use of high-speed fiber-optic network to connect servers and storage devices, based on IP and other advanced protocols to achieve file sharing.

linux Introduction

At present, the market share of the server has been three points: Windows, Gnu/linux, Unix

1991, Linus Torvalds released Linux, the development of Linux has become a trend. Of course, Linux is also a derivative of UNIX, the Linux kernel +gnu tool = Complete Unix-like system.

Linux occurrence version:

Slackware:suse Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)

Debian:ubuntu,mint

Redhat:rhel:redhatenterprise Linux, release a new version every 18 months

CentOS: Rhel-compatible format

Linux Philosophy thought:

1. Everything is file

2. Small and beautiful, single purpose

3. Combine programs to complete complex tasks

4. Try to avoid capturing user interfaces

5. Configuration data is stored in the file

2016.7.22

This article is from the "Stop War" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://liansir.blog.51cto.com/9372908/1829026

Introduction to computer systems and hardware