Linux Software Installation

Installation and uninstallation of software under Linux

When installing the software under Windows, simply run the Software installer (Setup, install, etc.) or unpack it with zip and other decompression software, run the Anti-Setup program (Uninstall, Unware, "uninstall", etc.) to clean the software, Completely graphical operation interface, simple to just use the mouse to click "Next" on it. Linux seems to be different, and many beginners complain that installing and uninstalling software under Linux is very difficult, not as intuitive as using Windows. In fact, installing and uninstalling the software under Linux is also very simple, also has the Installation Wizard or decompression installation way, not the same is only in addition to the binary form of software distribution, there are a lot of source code distribution of the package, the following to explain in detail the installation and uninstallation of these software:

One or two installation and uninstallation of the binary distribution package
Binary distribution of Linux software refers to the release form of a package that has been compiled in advance in binary form, with the advantage that installation is easy to use, the disadvantage is lack of flexibility, and if the package is compiled for a specific hardware/operating system platform, it cannot be executed correctly in another platform or environment.
1, *.rpm form of binary package
Installation: Rpm-ivh *.rpm
Uninstall: Rpm-e Packgename
Description: RPM (RedHat packge Manager) is a software package manager for RedHat, which makes it easy to install, upgrade, uninstall, verify, query, and so on in RPM-form packages, with simple installation and It is also possible to remove files that are installed in multiple directories when uninstalling, so it is recommended that beginners use the RPM-style packages as much as possible. RPM parameters in the-I is installed,-V is the check,-H is a hash to display the installation progress, *.rpm is the file name of the package (here *.rpm refers to *.src.rpm other than the RPM-based file); The parameter-E is the delete package, Packgename is the package name, differs from the file name of the package, which is often a string in the file name that precedes the version number, for example apache-3.1.12- I386.RPM and apache-devel-3.1.12-i386.rpm are package filenames, and their package names are Apache and Apache-devel, respectively. For more RPM parameters, refer to the man rpm page:
If you do not like to install or uninstall these packages under the character interface, you can use the graphical interface software package Manager under X-window, such as glint, xrpm, or KDE kpackge, to install, upgrade, uninstall, Verification and query can be done easily by clicking the mouse.
2, *.tar.gz/*.tgz, *.bz2 form of binary package
Installation: Tar zxvf *.tar.gz or tar yxvf *.bz2
Uninstall: Delete manually
Note: Binary packages in *.tar.gz/*.bz2 form are packaged with the TAR tool, compressed with GZIP/BZIP2, and unpacked directly when installed.  For only a single directory after decompression software, uninstall with the command "RM-RF software directory Name"; If the files are scattered in multiple directories, you must one by one manually delete (slightly troublesome), you want to know what files are installed to the system when extracting, you can use the command "tar ztvf *.tar.gz"/"tar YTVF *.bz2 "Get the list. The parameter z of TAR is called gzip decompression, X is unpacked, V is checksum, F is the display result, Y is called bzip2 decompression, and T is the list of files listing packages. For more parameters Please refer to man tar.
If you prefer the operation of the graphical interface, you can use KDE's Ark compression file management tool under X-window.
3. Software package to provide installation program
Such packages already provide installation scripts or Binary Setup Wizard programs (Setup, install, install.sh, etc.), which can be installed by running the software, and an anti-installation script or program is provided when uninstalling. For example, Sun's StarOffice Office software suite uses an installer called Setup, and provides anti-installation functionality after the software is installed, and there is less of this type of package, as it is installed and uninstalled in the same way as Windows software, so there is no need to talk more.

Ii. installation and uninstallation of the source code distribution package
The distribution of the source code of the Linux software refers to the release form of all the program sources of the software, which requires the user to compile the executable binary code and install it, the advantage is that the configuration is flexible, can remove or retain certain functions/modules, adapt to a variety of hardware/operating system platform and compiling environment, the disadvantage is difficult , generally not suitable for beginners to use.
1, *.src.rpm form of source code package
Installation: Rpm-rebuild *.src.rpm
Cd/usr/src/dist/rpms
RPM-IVH *.rpm
Uninstall: Rpm-e Packgename
Description: The rpm--rebuild *.src.rpm command compiles the source code and generates a binary RPM package under/usr/src/dist/rpms, and then installs the binary package. Packgename as mentioned earlier.
2, *.tar.gz/*.tgz, *.bz2 form of source code package
Installation: Tar zxvf *.tar.gz or tar yxvf *.bz2 first unzip
Then go to the extracted directory:
./configure Configuration
Make compilation
Make install Installation
Uninstall: Make uninstall or delete manually
Note: It is recommended to read the documentation before extracting, to understand what the installation needs, if necessary, you need to change the compilation configuration. The source code of some packages can be uninstalled with the Make install command after compilation and installation, and if this feature is not provided, the uninstallation of the software must be manually removed. Since the software may be distributed across multiple directories in the system, it is often difficult to remove it cleanly, you should configure it before compiling, specifying that the software will be installed to the target path:./configure--prefix= directory name, so you can use "RM-RF Software directory Name" command to perform a clean and thorough uninstallation. Compared with other installation methods, it is most difficult for users to compile and install themselves, it is suitable for people who have some experience in Linux, and it is generally not recommended for beginners to use.

Installation and uninstallation of software under Linux Lanche has spoken so much, but there may be people asking how to know if a tar.gz/bz2 package is a binary package or a source code package? If you use the compression tool will understand that the compression package is not necessarily software, it may be a lot of backup pictures, it may be packaged together in the general information, to distinguish it is what the best way is to view the file list in the package, using the command tar ZTVF *.tar.gz/tar YTVF *.b Z2 or X-window under the use of Graphical Ark compressed file management tools can be, the source code package files will often contain various source code files, header files *.h, C code source files *.c, C + + code source file *.cc/*.cpp, etc. , and the files in the binary package will have executables (often the main executable file with the same name as the software), and the flag is the path containing the directory named Bin (with only a few exceptions). It's so simple, don't hurry up and try it yourself!


Second article:

How to install the Linux software

Installing software under Windows is easy, just double-click the Setup or install icon and follow the wizard step-by-step instructions, but installing the software under Linux is not as easy as windows. Sometimes you find is not compiled software source code, it is more trouble, here is about how to install Linux software!
Linux under the software is generally compressed, the main format has these kinds: rpm, tar, tar.gz, tgz, and so on. So the first thing to do when you get the software is unzip.
First, in the Xwindow under the RPM format Software installation is easier, as long as the mouse to the file right click, in the popup menu will have a special three items (only right click RPM file will appear) show Info,upgrade and install, Everyone knows the meaning of these three items, so I won't say much. RPM format said, followed by tar,tar.gz,tgz, and so on, under Xwindow double-click these formats of files will be automatically decompressed, is decompressed instead of the Install option like RPM, install files will appear after you unzip, but here I want to say first , before you double-click Install, it is recommended to take a good look at the readme, because you have to install the software may not be compiled, so it would be better to look at it.
Second, said Xwindow under the installation and decompression, and then said in the text mode how to decompress and install, there are compiled source. First of all, the RPM, after the login as root (login with other identity can but some software will not be installed) type rpm-i you want to unzip the file + extension (of course, RPM) is not very difficult, here I would say "-I" means install,  If you want to uninstall or to perform other instructions to play RPM--help, look at the computer to give you a hint, in order to take care of those who are not very good e-Text Here I write a few common parameters:-e: Uninstall the relevant application,-U (note is uppercase): Upgrade the package, -PQL: Lists information about RPM packages,-QF: Find out which package the specified file belongs to. For those other formats, the software can be decompressed with instructions such as Gunzip,gzip,tar and unzip, and then run the install. Through the unpacking will get some files, and then go to just unzip the file directory with "ls-f-color" command to look at the resulting files, generally there are two cases: the first is the file for the compiled program (no need to compile) with the above view File command will be marked with "*" Bright green display The second is the source code that you need to compile yourself. If we get the source code, we need to compile it ourselves to get the program to run. Compile source code to hear the compilation is not to scare you, in fact, it is also added a few words, for beginners are some difficulties to use a good operating system need to learn well, and so you learned in mm before show off time to think about it ..., before compiling, read the Readme document carefully, The veterans don't need it, and when you're done reading it, you do it.
./configure
Make
Make install (only root to execute this command), the executable program of the software is obtained in the current directory or SRC subdirectory after the compilation is completed.
The introduction is over, we are not aware of the RPM software installation is easier, but my personal opinion beginners still choose more than the RPM format software, because by compiling the software source code can be compiled for you later to build the kernel to lay a certain foundation. (Shanghai Leslie Cheung)


Third article:

Easily install and uninstall Linux software

Installing and uninstalling Linux software has always been a challenge for many new users. In Windows, we can use the software's own loading or unloading program or add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel. Similarly, there is a powerful software-on-load tool called RPM under Linux. It can be used to establish, install, query, update, uninstall software. The tool is used under the command line. You can get help for this command by entering RPM after the shell prompt.

Installation of software
There are two main types of software installation in Linux. The first installation file is named Xxx.tar.gz, and the other installation file is named xxx.i386.rpm. Most of the software issued in the first way is sent in the form of source code, and the second method is sent directly in binary form.

For the first type, the installation method is as follows:

1. First, copy the installation files to your directory. For example, if you are logged on as root, copy the software to/root.

#cp Xxx.tar.gz/root

2. Because the file is compressed and packaged, it should be uncompressed. The command is:

#tar Xvzf filename.tar.gz

3. Implementation


Article Source: Unknown

Linux Software Installation