Linxu Study notes-basic commands

which LS

Set alias on ~/.BASHRC

Modify Path Vi/etc/profile,source/etc/profile

Ctrl U Delete forward

Ctrl K Backward Delete

Ctrl D Exit logout exit

CTRL Z Pause FG Recovery

Ctrl c Cancel, interrupt

CTRL s screen is still, locked, background continues to work, but the screen does not display

CTRL q Screen recovery, unlocking

Ctrl L Clear Screen

CTRL a Beginning

Ctrl e End of line

Mkdir-p

Rmdir-p

Cp-r Copy Directory

Cat-a View txt

MV No R

Less J K, Ctrl+b F, g G,/n N,?

Chmod-r Permission inheritance

chmod u= g= o= which do not carry--the system thinks the minus sign

Chown User:group: Or.

!ls a recent LS command

!301 history's ID

Chown-r Permission inheritance

Chattr +-A cannot delete rm and change VI,MV can only append echo "one" >>1.txt

Chattr +-I protect, nothing can

Lsattr-r

Lsattr-d

chmod U+s S is limited to ordinary users, has root invalid, note o permissions

!$ last command.

G Extension Group Usermod Useradd if the group has users, you can also delete

GID Max one go back

Usermod-l Lock user cannot log on,-u unlocks, usable useradd all parameters u g G s D

mkpasswd Yum install-y expect-l 12-s 0-c 4-c 4-d 4

echo "[email protected]" | passwd--sdtin aming PlainText

Echo-e "123456\n123456" | passwd aming-e recognition \ n for newline, no-e not recognized, new password 123456

Su-C "mkdir/tmp/dir123" aming

Visudo

Root all= (All) all

aming 192.168.1.0/24= (Root) nopasswd:/bin/ls,command

User name & group name Source Role command, absolute path, comma delimited, set no password required

sudo ls/root/require a password, or you can not enter a password

Sudo-l See what permissions you have

Inode attributes (size, path, permissions), Inode allocated even if partition has space, cannot create file

Du-sh file occupies disk space size, block size and LS-LH file itself size, display size is different, due to sub-block 4K

DU-SB and ls-lb show the same size

Cat/etc/filesystems

mke2fs-t/t ext4-b 2048-m 1-l aming/dev/sdb1 more than MKFS.EXT4 parameters

Block Size retention Label

DF-T Viewing partition types

Umount-l forced uninstallation

/etc/rc.local Automatic Mount command

Blkid UUID Label EXT4

defaults= Rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async

0 Backing up Log

1 do not back up log, accidental power loss recoverable data

1 fix, only root partition

2 Fix, lower priority

0 not fixed, unimportant or partition too large, otherwise it will affect the boot speed

Mount-a loading all mounts in Fstab

Yum Install-y vim-enhanced

Vim +10!$ cursor on line 10th

General mode

J K under H K 2j down 2 line

Ctrl F Next page CRTL b page PageUp PageDown

GG First line G line end 100G

$ line End 0 beginning (with white space characters at the beginning) ^ Beginning (non-blank)

X Delete x forward delete 4x cut

DD Delete entire line, cut 3DD

P paste down p paste up

U undo, undo up to 50 times CTRL R Anti-undo

yy copy entire row 3yy

V Visual mode left and right up and down selection and X p combined

Edit mode

I insert

ESC exits

I cursor at the beginning of the line

A cursor in the back

A cursor at the end of row

o The next line of the cursor

O one line on the cursor

Command mode

: wq!

: Set NU Displays line number

: Set Nonu Cancel line number

/keyword Find, highlight, n find n

? keyword find, highlight, n find n

: 1, $s/a/b/g no g, replace only the first of each line, $ all lines

:%s/a/b/g%=1,$ entire file

de-symbol \, identify/

#///#///# @///@///@ does not produce ambiguity

: Nohl Cancel Highlight

Gzip file is compressed after the source file is deleted, only the files can be compressed, leaving only file.gz red-1-9 level higher, the slower the rate, the higher the ratio, the default 6

Gzip file.gz extract after source file delete

BZIP2 file compressed After the source files disappear, leaving only file.bz2 Red, default 9

bzip2-d file.bz2 Extract source file Delete

Bzcat and zcat xzcat viewing compressed content

Neither gzip nor bZIP can compress the directory

XZ gzip bZIP Usage almost

Yum install-y xz gzip bzip2 zip unzip

Zip file.zip file Source file exists, can compress files and directories

Zip-r file.zip file1 file2 simultaneous compression of multiple directories

Unzip File.zip

Tar--exclude file3--exclude file4-cvf file.tar file1 file2 dir1 source file exists

TAR-TF File.tar View

TAR-XVF File.tar Unpacking

Tar-c-XVF File.tar specifying the unpacking path

TAR supports gzip bzip2 XZ

TAR-ZCVF 1.tar.gz 111 22 source file exists

Tar-c/tmp/-zxvf 1.tar.gz source file exists, directly covers

TAR-TF 1.tar.gz

TAR-JCVF 1.tar.bz2 111 222

Tar-tf

Tar-jxvf

TAR-JCVF 1.TAR.XZ 111 222

TAR-TJF View

Tar-jxvf

RPM-IVH Full Name

RPM-IVH--nodeps full name, no reliance, less use

RPM-IVH--force full name, forced installation

RPM-E Package Name

When dependent, install or uninstall at the same time

RPM-UVH Full Name, upgrade

RPM-Q Package Name

RPM-QA Query all installed

Rpm-qa the full name of the package name query package

Rpm-qa | grep vim exception, can be checked keyword

Rpm-qa | grep ' vim* '

RPM-QI package Name, detailed information

RPM-QL package name, which files are installed

RPM-QF absolute path, which package the file belongs to

RPM-QF ' which vim '

Yum list Yum Source/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-base.repo

Yum List | grep vim @ symbol belongs to an already installed

Yum Search ' vim '

Yum Remove package name does not recommend adding Y to prevent dependency deletion

Yum Update package name is not recommended for upgrade

Yum Upgrade Package Name

Yum Groupinstall "package name" Installation Kit

Yum Grouplist | Grep-i Chinese

Yum Groupremove "Package name"

Yum install-y yum-plugin-downloadonly Download Plugin

Yum install VTE--downloadonly--downloaddir=/tmp/download RPM packages that have not been installed

Yum Reinstall VTE--downloadonly--downloaddir=/tmp/download installed RPM packages

SOURCE Package Installation

Yum install-y wget

/usr/local/src

wget http

Tar

Cd

Cat Install

Cat Readme

./configure--help See configuration parameters, module

./configure--prefix=/usr/local/apache2 specifying the installation path

echo $? Return code 0 means OK

Make compile, turn source into language

Make install translates into system-recognized files

Ls/usr/local/apache2 Viewing the build directory

Rm-rf/usr/local/apache2 Uninstall, reinstall, preferably delete the compressed directory, re-unzip

History

Cat ~/.bash_history User Operation command history, different user, history, default 1000 bar

Echo $HISTSIZE

!! Previous command

!$ last argument on a command

!n Run nth Command

!c the last command to start with C

? Any one character

Jobs View Ctrl-Z commands

FG Priority call + sign, front desk

BG Backstage

Env View System Variables

Set view system variables, including custom variables, in more detail

Custom variable a=1;b=2, valid only at the current shell

Variable name cannot start with a number, can contain _, can start _, do not recommend capitalization, avoid command, keyword, system variable capitalization

C= ' ls/tmp/', * #也需要用单引号

D= ' which vim ' command uses anti-quotes, referencing the result of the command

E= "$a" 8 variable with double quotation marks

Export A=1 Global Declaration, in effect in other Bash,shell

unset e Cancel Variable

Vim/etc/profile Global Configuration

Source/etc/profile declares that all *.sh under/etc/profile.d/are loaded, and custom environment variables are not recommended to directly modify the profile

VIM/ETC/BASHRC PS1 UMASK Global Configuration

Echo $PS 1 W: Absolute path

The VIM ~/.bash_profile user profile is called. BASHRC

Vim ~/.BASHRC user profile alias user login, open new shell when executing

[0-9a-za-z]

Cut-d:-F 3,4/etc/passwd split, showing third to fourth paragraph

Cut-c 1-10/etc/passwd display first to 10 characters

Sort default ASIC sorting

Sort-t:-k3-nr/etc/passwd n by the number 3,5 3 to 5,r reverse, the letter is smaller than the number,-U go to Heavy

Wc-l Number of rows

Wc-w word number, blank delimited

Wc-m number of characters, including line breaks, spaces

Uniq must be adjacent to the row to go to the heavy

Uniq-c Repeat Count

Sor File | Unqic-c

Tee redirection

echo "123456" | Tee 1.txt will show the difference between results and >

TR Replacement

echo "ABCD" | Tr ' A-Z ' A-Z ' one by one corresponds to ' AB ' AB '

Split cut

Split-b 50m 1.txt by size default unit B, can omit (x) AA Xab

Split-l 1.txt per row

&& and success-execution unsuccessful-do not execute

|| or success-not performing unsuccessful-execution

; (not) Success-execution

grep--color ' root '/etc/passwd highlight

echo "Alias cg= ' grep--clort '" >> ~/.BASHRC

-N Display number of rows

-C counts a few rows

-V does not contain keyword

-A 2 shows the next two lines

-B More than 2 shows the last two lines

-C 2 more display the upper and lower lines

-R ' root '/etc/* directory search keywords, with file directory name, content

-RH does not show the front directory path

CG ' [0-9] ' 1.txt

CG ' [a-za-z] ' 1.txt

Cg-v ' [a-za-z] ' 1.txt does not contain

CG ' ^[a-z] ' 1.txt starts with a letter

CG ' [^0-9] ' 1.txt does not contain a pure number, does not contain a blank line

CG ' ^[^0-9] ' 1.txt lines that do not start with a number, do not contain blank lines

CG ' ^$ ' 1.txt show Blank line

CG ' R.O ' 1.txt any one character, including spaces, special symbols

CG ' R*o ' 1.txt 0 or more front character O also conforms to

CG ' R.*o ' 1.txt R starts with an O result count, no matter what, any character in the middle

CG ' R\?o ' 1.txt de-semantic characters ==cg-e ' r?o ' 0 or 1 preceding characters

Grep-e ==egrep

Egrep ' R+o ' 1.txt 1 or more preceding characters

Linxu Study notes-basic commands