[Medical Development] medical terminology

Medical terminology

Luo chaohui (http://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin)

This article follows the "signature-non-commercial use-consistency" creation public agreement
His
Hospw.information system, a hospital information system, has been recognized as an important branch of Emerging Medical Informatics in international academic circles. Morris, a famous American professor in the field. collen wrote the following definition for the hospital information system in 1988: using electronic computers and communication equipment, provides hospital departments with the ability to collect, store, process, extract and exchange patient medical information and administrative information, and meets the functional requirements of all authorized users.

RIS
Radioiogy Information System, which is a radiology information management system. RIS is a software system that optimizes the workflow management of hospital radiology departments. A typical process includes registration and appointment, medical treatment, Image Generation, release, report, review, and release. The RIS system contains the PACS system, which works with peripheral modules such as medical classification and retrieval, radioactive material management, photo and equipment management, and department information reports to realize the quality control and field tracking of patients throughout the process, error statistics provide evidence for the inversion of evidence in doctor-patient disputes, so that the management of radiology rooms enters a clear digital management stage.

PACS
picture archiving and communication systems, a medical image archiving and communication system. In recent years, with the rapid development of digital imaging technology, computer technology and network technology, it is a comprehensive system designed to comprehensively address the acquisition, display, storage, transmission and management of medical images. PACS is widely used in hospital imaging departments. Just as computers and the Internet have increasingly influenced our daily lives, PACS is also changing the operating mode of image departments. An efficient and non-film image system is quietly emerging. Among these changes, PACS is mainly used to connect different imaging devices (CT, Mr, Xray, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, etc.), store and manage images, and call and post-processing images. Different PACS may vary greatly in organization and structure, but they must be able to complete these three types of functions. For the implementation of PACS, each department may have its own implementation methods and scope based on the different regions and economic conditions. Whether it is a large, medium-sized or small PACS, it is established by Medical Image Acquisition, large-capacity data storage and database management, Image Display and processing, and the network used to transmit images, ensure that PACs becomes an important network standard and Protocol dicom3.0 for a fully open system.

Lis
The Laboratory Information System is an inevitable requirement for automated, current, and regular laboratory management. It requires the following functions: Inspection sheet input (patient information and result data ), quality control (in-room quality control, in-room quality control), inspection data tools (data merging, modification, and query of historical data), special software for authorization of different users and microbial drug sensitivity.

CISClinical Information System,Clinical Information System, goalsIt supports the clinical activities of hospital medical staff, collects and processes patient clinical medical information, enriches and accumulates clinical medical knowledge, and provides clinical consultation, auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, and auxiliary clinical decision-making, improve the efficiency of medical staff and provide more, faster, and better services for patients. Medical treatment systems, patient bedside systems, doctor workstation systems, laboratory systems, drug consulting systems, etc. are within the scope of CIS.
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, is a biological spin imaging technique that uses the characteristics of atomic spin motion, uses the space position of the human body layer of the magnetic field, and uses radio waves for sequential radiation, stimulate the nucleus to produce resonance. When radio waves are stopped, the nucleus automatically restores to the equilibrium state and releases the absorbed energy. This energy signal can be detected by detectors, input to the computer for encoding, and then use the computer to create a graph.

DICOM
Digital Imaging and communications in medicine, medical digital imaging and communication standards, DICOM standards define the composition formats and exchange methods of images and their related information in detail, using this standard, you can create an interface on an image device to input/output image data.

Wado
Web Access to DICOM objects, the Web Access Standard for DICOM objects, wado mainly aims at the format and method of common URLs, this allows the combination of DICOM servers and the electronic medical record system of different manufacturers to be compatible, and DICOM images can also be displayed on the electronic medical record system. The wado Specification defines the URL format and method for obtaining image data from the Web enabled DICOM server and the related technical requirements of clients, such as electronic medical records.

VTK
Visualization Toolkit is a free software system for open resources. It is mainly used for 3D computer graphics, image processing and visualization. VTK is designed and implemented based on the object-oriented principle. Its kernel is built in C ++ and contains about 250,000 lines.Code, More than 650 classes, also contains several conversion interfaces, so you can freely use VTK through Java, Tcl/TK and Python languages. VTK can be operated on almost any UNIX-based platform, and Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP.

Itk
Insight Segmentation and registration toolkit is an open-source, cross-platform image analysis extension software tool. Advanced multi-modal data segmentation registration is adopted in the Itk development process. Algorithm . It provides some mainstream algorithms, such as area growth, threshold segmentation, watershed-based segmentation, Fast Marching algorithm, Level Set and other segmentation algorithms. Program The development process is blocked. The Itk does not implement the visualization function and can implement the visualization in VTK. Therefore, in the medical imaging system, the Itk is used to separate the image and VTK is used to visualize the image.

MIP Maximum intensity projection, maximum density projection,It is also called"Maximum brightness projectionOn the visualization plane.ProjectionA computer for three-dimensional spatial dataVisualizationMethod. The brightness of each individual prime density value is reduced in some way along the parallel light from the viewpoint to the projection plane, in addition, what is displayed on the projection plane is the largest pixel in brightness.
MinIP Minimum intensity projection, maximum density projection
Flat Multiplanar rerormation,Multi-layer plane reconstruction
Matrix R Dual-plane reconstruction
CPR Curve multiplanar reformation,Surface Reconstruction Technology
ROI Region on Interest , Areas of interest
Multi-tomography Multi-slice spiral CT,Multi-row spiral CT
CT Electronic Computer X-ray tomography technique,CT is a fully functional equipment for detecting disease. It is an electronic computer.X-rayShort for fault scanning technology.
Dr Digital radography,Digital photography is also called flat.The detector scans and directly reads the image signals produced by X-Ray. The imaging principle is that the X-ray signal is convertedSee the light, the algae film (Ti) composed of PHOTODIODES for aggregation, by a dedicated read-out circuit directly read, sentComputer system. The comparison between DR and CR has the following advantages:
1. Dr resolution high image resolution is better than Cr.
2. The Dr signal-to-noise ratio is higher than Cr.
3. The filming speed is faster than Cr.
4. The X-ray conversion efficiency of Dr is higher, so the exposure measurement is lower than that of CR.
Cr Computed Radiography,It is also called indirect digital imaging. The main principle is to use the storage fluorescent body imaging, which uses an imaging plate (Imaging Plate) consisting of phosphor crystals to absorb X-ray information, the IP board is sensitive to form a shadow. After scanning, it is converted into a digital signal and enters the computer system for image processing. Cr advantages: 1. The exposure dose of Cr is smaller than that of conventional X photography.
2. Photography conditions are less demanding than films, and there are very few Waste Films.
3. When Cr is used, the X-ray equipment does not need to undergo major changes, and the filming process remains unchanged from the original X-ray photography.
4. The post-processing function of images is superior, which can improve the accuracy of image diagnosis and the scope of disease diagnosis.
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging,Magnetic Resonance co-imaging
Ehr Electronic health record, Electronic health records,Is an individual's official health record that can be shared across multiple devices and organizations. SCR Sequence creation Function AIP Average projection Ve Virtual endoscopic visualization