Programmer Technology Training Strategy

Turn from: http://coolshell.cn/articles/4990.html Preface

Do you feel like you've only had a little toy program when you graduated from school? After entering the workplace, even if you have no experience, you can go through the following extracurricular exercises (friends complain: The school curriculum always from the theory, the work project can not see any practical role, rather than from the work of demand)

Suggestions:

• Do not buy books, do not chase new technologies, the foundation of things after a long time to accumulate and will be at least 10 years in the future GM.
• If you look back on history and see the evolution of the technology on the timeline of history, you can see what tomorrow will be like.
• Be sure to do it, no matter how simple it may be, suggest at least one hand to see if you understand the details.
• Be sure to learn to think and think about why, not that. and extrapolate to think.

Note : You may be wondering why the following things are very biased, because I feel that programming under Windows may be unix/linux in the future for the following reasons:

• Now the user interface is almost dominated by two things, 1) web,2 mobile device iOS or Android. The graphical interface of Windows is not popular.
• More and more companies are using low-cost, high-performance Linux and a variety of open source technology to frame their systems, Windows is too expensive.
• Microsoft's stuff is getting too fast, it's not going to last, and they're totally playing with programmers. See the history of Windows programming Revolution for details

So, I personally think the trend is the front end is web+ Mobile, back end is linux+ open source. The development side basically does not have windows what matter.

Introduction to Enlightenment

1. Learn a scripting language, such as Python/ruby

Allows you to get rid of the fear of the underlying language, and the scripting language allows you to quickly develop a small program that you can use. Practical projects:

• Work with text files, or CSV (keyword python csv, python open, Python sys) to read a local file, row by line (for example, Word count, or process log)
• Traverse the local file system (SYS, OS, path), e.g. write a program to count all the file sizes in a directory and sort them by various criteria and save the results
• Dealing with the database (Python sqlite), writing a small script statistics the number of entries in the library
• Learn to debug in a simple, rough way with all kinds of print
• Learn to use Google (phrase, domain, using reader to follow tech blogs)

Why learn scripting language, because they are so convenient, many times we need to write some gadgets or scripts to help us solve the problem, you will find that the formal programming language is too difficult to use.

2. Use a programmer's editor (not the IDE) and some basic tools

• vim/emacs/notepad++, learn how to configure code completion, appearance, external commands, etc.
• Source Insight (or Ctag)

The use of these things is not for cool, but these editors in view, modify code/configuration article/log will be faster and more efficient.

3, familiar with unix/linux shell and common command line

• If you use Windows, or at least learn to use Linux in a virtual machine, VMware Player is free to install Ubuntu.
• Be sure to use less graphical interfaces.
• Learn to use man to see Help
• File system architecture and basic Operation Ls/chmod/chown/rm/find/ln/cat/mount/mkdir/tar/gzip ...
• Learn to use some text manipulation commands Sed/awk/grep/tail/less/more ...
• Learn to use some management commands ps/top/lsof/netstat/kill/tcpdump/iptables/dd ...
• Learn about the various configuration articles in/etc directory, learn to view the system log under/var/log, and the system operation information under/proc
• Learn about regular expressions and use regular expressions to find files.

For programmers, Unix/linux is much simpler than Windows. (See my four-year-old Csdn blog, "In fact, Unix is very simple") learn to use unix/linux you will find that the graphical interface is really too difficult to use at some point, quite to reduce the efficiency.

4, Learning Web Foundation (HTML/CSS/JS) + Server-side technology (LAMP)

The future is bound to be the world of Web, the best website to learn Web Foundation is w3school.

• Learn HTML basic syntax
• Learn how CSS selects HTML elements and applies some basic styles (keywords: box model)
• Learn to use Firefox + Firebug or Chrome to view the structure of your Web page that you feel is awesome and change it dynamically.
• Learn to manipulate HTML components using JavaScript. Understanding DOM and Dynamic Web pages (http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596527402) has free chapters that are sufficient. or see DOM.
• Learn to debug JavaScript code with Firefox + Firebug or chrome (set breakpoints, view variables, performance, console, etc.)
• Configure Apache or Nginx on a single machine
• Learn PHP, let the background PHP and foreground HTML data interaction, the server corresponding browser request form a preliminary understanding. Implements the ability to submit and reverse a form.
• Connect PHP to a local or remote database mysql (MySQL and SQL are now enough)
• Following a prestigious network programming course (ex: http://www.stanford.edu/~ouster/cgi-bin/cs142-fall10/index.php) do not feel that it takes more than a semester, college students are full-time one semester to choose 3-5 Courses, You can always keep up with your spare time.
• Learn a JavaScript library (such as jquery or ExtJS) + Ajax (asynchronously reads a server-side picture or database content) in +json data format.
• Http:the Definitive Guide Read the first 4 chapters and you'll see what happens when you surf the Web every day (proxy, gateway, browsers)
• Make a small website (for example: a small message board, support user login, cookie/session, add, delete, change, check, upload image attachment, pagination display)
• Buy a domain name, rent a space, make a website of your own.

Advanced deepening

1. C Language and operating system call

• Learn the C language, understand pointers and memory models, and implement a variety of classical algorithms and data structures in C. Recommended "computer Programming Art", "Introduction to Algorithms" and "Programming Zhu Ji Nanxiong".
• Study (MIT free Course) Introduction to Computer science and programming
• Learning (mit free course) C Language memory management
• Learn Unix/linux system calls (Unix advanced environment Programming), to understand what is at the system level.
  • Use these system knowledge to manipulate the file system, the user (implementing a small program that can copy the directory tree)
  • Write a multi-process program with Fork/wait/waitpid, and write a program with pthread that is synchronous or mutually exclusive. Multi-process multi-process ticketing procedures.
  • Using Signal/kill/raise/alarm/pause/sigprocmask to achieve a multi-process signal Volume communication program.
  • Learn to program and debug programs using GCC and GDB (see my debugger with GDB)
  • Learn to use makefile to compile programs. (See my "Write a Makefile with Me")
  • IPC and socket things can be put into the advanced to practice.
• Learn Windows SDK programming (Windows Programming, MFC programming)
  • Write a window to learn about Winmain/winprocedure, as well as the message mechanism of Windows.
  • Write programs to manipulate the resource files in the Windows SDK or various graphical controls, as well as the programming of the drawing.
  • Learn how to use MSDN to view relevant SDK functions, various WM_ messages, and some routines.
  • There are many routines in this book, please don't copy it in practice, try to write your own routine.
  • Not much more than mastering these things, because the GUI is being replaced by the web, mainly to understand the programming of the Windows graphical interface. @virushuo said: "I think the GUI is really not that hot, but it's important to understand how the GUI works." including mobile device development, if there is no basic knowledge is still very laborious. or mobile device development must understand the GUI work, or learn at win, or go to school in Mac/ios.

2. Learn Java

• Java learning is mainly to look at the classic core Java "Java Core technology programming" and "Java Programming ideas" (there are two volumes, I only chain the first volume, enough, because the Java graphical interface to understand it)
• Learn the JDK, learn about Java API Doc http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/
• Learn about the differences between Java and the C and Python languages in the compilation and execution of this virtual machine language. Think of the "cross-platform" technology from C, Java, and Python.
• Learn to use IDE eclipse to compile, debug, and develop Java programs using Eclipse.
• Build a Tomcat website and try out Jsp/servlet/jdbc/mysql Web development. Try to use JSP and servlet to implement the small PHP project that was mentioned earlier.

3. Web Security and Architecture

• Learning HTML5, there are many many tutorials on the internet, before the cool shell also introduced a lot, I do not list here.
• Learn about security issues with web development (refer to the attack on Sina Weibo, as well as this article in Ruby)
• Learn the rewrite mechanism of HTTP server, the reverse proxy mechanism of nginx, fast-cgi (such as: PHP-FPM)
• Learn the web's static page caching technology.
• Learn the Web's asynchronous workflow processing, data caching, data partitioning, load balancing, and horizontally expanding architectures.
• Practical tasks:
  • Make some Web animations using HTML5 's canvas.
  • Try SQL injection, JS injection, and XSS attacks in the Web app that you developed earlier.
  • Change the Web app you developed earlier into a Web site that's built on Nginx + php-fpm + static page caching

4. Learning relational database

• You can install MSSQLSERVER or MySQL to learn the database.
• Learn the paradigm of database design in textbooks, 1NF,2NF,3NF, ...
• Learn about database storage, triggers, views, indexes, cursors, and more.
• Learn SQL statements and understand the various concepts of table joins (see Diagram of SQL Join)
• Learn how to optimize database queries (see "MySQL optimization")
• Practical Task : Design a forum database that satisfies at least 3NF, using SQL statements to query this week, this month's latest articles, the most commented articles, the most active users.

5. Some development tools

• Learn to use SVN or git to manage the program version.
• Learn to use JUnit to unit test java.
• Learn coding standard or coding guideline for C and Java languages. (I wrote a very simple article about the C language--"programming accomplishment", such a thing you can check the Internet, a lot of).
• Recommended reading "Code Encyclopedia" "Refactoring" "Code Clean Road"

Advanced in-depth

1. C + +/Java and object-oriented

I personally think that learning C++,java is a lift. But the learning curve of C + + is quite steep. However, I think C + + is the most need to learn the language. See two interesting articles "C + + learning confidence map" and "21 days to learn C + +"

• Learning (mit free Course) C + + object-oriented programming
• Read my "How to learn C + +" in those books recommended at least two times (if your understanding of C + + can go deep into like I wrote "C + + virtual function table parsing" or "C + + Object Memory Bureau", or "C + + return internal static members trap" that is very good)
• Then reflect on why C + + is doing this, Java is not? You must learn to compare the differences between C + + and Java. For example, initialization in Java, garbage collection, interfaces, exceptions, virtual functions, and so on.
• Practical tasks:
  • A bigint is implemented in C + +, which supports the operation of 128-bit shaped subtraction.
  • Encapsulates the capacity of a data structure in C + +, such as hash table.
  • Encapsulates and implements a smart pointer in C + + (be sure to use a template).
• "Design mode" must read, more than two times, think about, these 23 patterns of application scenarios. Mainly two points: 1) Love combinations rather than inheritance, 2) love interfaces rather than implementations. (also recommended "in the design mode")
• Practical tasks:
  • Implement a memory pool using Factory mode.
  • Use the policy mode to make a class that can align text files left, right, and aligned.
  • Use command mode to implement a command-line calculator and support undo and redo.
  • Use the decoration mode to achieve a hotel room price pricing strategy-peak season, service, VIP, tour, and other factors affecting the price.
• Learn about STL usage and its design concepts – containers, algorithms, iterators, function Sub. If possible, please read the source code.
• practical tasks: try out various skills for object-oriented, STL, design patterns, and WINDOWSSDK graphics programming
  • Be a snake or Tetris game. Support for different levels and difficulties.
  • Do a file browser, you can browse the directory of files, and can have different operations on different files, text files can be opened to edit, the execution of the file is executed, MP3 or AVI files can be played, picture files can display pictures.
• Learn some C + + class library design, such as: MFC (look at the teacher's "easy to understand MFC"), Boost, ACE, Cppunit,stl (STL may be too difficult, but if you can understand the design patterns and design that is very good, if you can go deep into my written "STL Write-time copy technology of the string class that's pretty good, Ace needs a lot of system knowledge, see later "Strengthening the understanding of the system")
• Java is a true object-oriented language, and Java has a much more design pattern than the best language for learning object-oriented design patterns (see design Patterns in Java).
• Recommended reading "Effective Java" and "Java FAQ"
• Learning Java Framework, Java Framework is also many, such as spring, hibernate,struts and so on, mainly to learn Java design, such as the IOC.
• Java's technology is also rotten, focusing on learning the Java EE architecture as well as the technology of JMS, RMI, and other messaging and remote calls.
• Learn to use Java to do Web Service (official tutorial here)
• practice Task: try to build a remote invoker with a Web service in the spring or hibernate framework and deliver messages through JMS in two service.

C + + and Java are not able to learn in a short time, C + + play is deep, Java play is wide, I suggest a choice between the two. My personal learning experience is:

• Dig into C + + (I've been deep down C + + for 10 years)
• Learn the various design patterns of java.

2, strengthen the system to understand

Important read the following several books:

• The Art of Unix programming understands design and development philosophies, thought-culture systems, principles, and experiences in the field of UNIX systems. You are bound to have a clairvoyant feeling.
• "UNIX Network programming Volume 1, Sockets" This is a book that you will understand network programming after reading it. Important note the difference between TCP, UDP, and multiplexed system call Select/poll/epoll.
• "TCP/IP Detailed Volume 1: Protocol"-This is a book you can be a cyber hacker after reading it. Understand how Ethernet works, understand TCP/IP protocol, how it works, and how TCP is tuned.
• Practical tasks:
  • Understand what is blocking (synchronous IO), non-blocking (asynchronous IO), multiplexing (SELECT, poll, epoll) IO technology.
  • Write a web chat program that has a chat server and multiple chat clients (service side with UDP on some or all of the chat clients into multicast or broadcast).
  • Write a simple HTTP server.
• "UNIX Network Programming Volume 2, interprocess communication" semaphores, pipelines, shared memory, messages and other IPC ... These techniques seem a bit old-fashioned, but they are worth knowing.
• Practical tasks:
  • The main practice of various IPC in the process of communication methods.
  • Try to write a pipeline program where the parent-child process exchanges data through a pipeline.
  • Trying to write a program that shares memory, two processes exchange a C structure array through shared memory.
• Learn the book "Windows core Programming". Take createprocess,windows threads, thread scheduling, thread synchronization (Event, Semaphore, mutex), asynchronous I/O, memory management, DLL, these chunks are proficient.
• Practice Task: use CreateProcess to start a Notepad or IE and monitor the program's operation. Use the thread pool to implement the simple HTTP service that was written earlier. Write a DLL's hook program to monitor the closing event of a specified window, or to record a window's key.
• With multithreading, multi-process communication, TCP/IP, sockets, C + + and design patterns Basic, you can study ace. Use ACE to rewrite the above Chat program and HTTP server (with thread pool)
• Practical tasks: through all the above knowledge, try to
  • Write a server to the client to send large files, the 100M bandwidth required to use more than 80%. (Note that disk I/O and network I/O can be problematic, think about how to fix it, and note that the maximum unit MTU for network transmission)
  • Learn how BT downloads work and simulate the fundamentals of BT downloads in a multi-process way.

3. System Architecture

• load Balancing. A hash of a purely dynamic type. (You can read about load balancing in Google Scholar)
• Multi-tier distributed systems – Client Service node layer, compute node layer, data cache layer, data layer. The Java EE is a classic multilayer structure. The
• CDN System  – to the nearest access and content is marginalized.
• to study the algorithm of BT and Electric Donkey. For example: DHT algorithm.
• Server Backup, dual-machine backup system (Live-standby and live-live systems), how do two machines monitor each other through the heartbeat? Cluster primary node backup.
• Virtualization technology that uses this technology to switch or reconfigure and deploy the operating system as an application. The
• learns thrift, binary high-performance communication middleware that supports data (object) serialization and multiple types of RPC services.
• Learn Hadoop. The most central design in the Hadoop framework is mapreduce and HDFs. The idea of MapReduce was widely circulated by a Google paper, and a simple sentence explaining that MapReduce was "the decomposition of tasks and the aggregation of results". HDFS is the abbreviation for the Hadoop Distributed File System (Hadoop distributed), which provides the underlying support for distributed compute storage.
• understand NoSQL databases (some say it might be a technology of transition hype), but because of the fact that hyper-scale and highly concurrent, purely dynamic sites are becoming mainstream, SNS sites have real-time, rigid requirements in the data access process, This makes the current NoSQL database gradually become the focus of attention, and has become a replacement of relational database and become the mainstream data storage model of the future trend. There are many NoSQL databases, most of which are open source, among which the more well-known are: Memcachedb, Redis, Tokyo Cabinet (Kyoto Cabinet), Flare, MongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra , Voldemort and so on.

Write so much, look back, feel quite a sense of accomplishment. I hope you do not scare, I myself this 10 years is also constantly learning, today I also in the study, life is a continuous learning and practice level process. However, there must be a leak, there is a wrong, but also hope that we can add and correct . ( I will update this article according to everyone's feedback at any time ) Welcome to my Weibo (@ Left ear mouse) and Twitter (@haoel) to communicate with me.

-Update 2011/07/19-–

1) There are friends wondering why I said at the beginning of this article web+ mobile, but did not mention ios/android at the end of the development. Because I have a feeling that the UI on the mobile device will eventually be replaced by JavaScript. You can see Google + on your iphone or Android, and you'll see.

2) A friend said that I have too many things here, not to study and study, I very much agree. I also said in front of the article to think. In addition, do not think I said these things are some new technology, this strategy is more than 95% of the whole is the foundation. And it's all a proven base technology. It's the technology that can make you follow, and it's a technique that allows you to find a good job.

3) A friend said that learning these things after learning all 40, it is better to think about how to earn money. I want to tell you, one is that I am not 40 years old this year, two is learning Ah, three is I do not feel how difficult to make money, difficult is how to let you value so much money? Whether you are working or starting a business, what makes your value more valuable to your company? Elsewhere I dare not say that, for the Internet or IT companies, technical strength is definitely one of them.

4) A friend said that technology is a tool, should not be so obsessed with this sentence is not wrong, sometimes we need more is to look up to see things outside the technology, or we are in the technology to think about why there is this technology, why not other, the problem is not technology, the problem is that we bookworm, read dead books, Become a nerd in technology.

5) for NoSQL, the recent comparison of fire, but I am a little conservative, so, I just said to understand it. For Hadoop, I think it has huge potential in distributed systems, so I need to learn. For the relational database, it is really important thing, this is my negligence, in the original text to add.

Programmer Technology Training Strategy