Reading Notes-IP-based Iot Architecture Technology and Application

I recently read the book "IP-based Iot architecture, technology, and application" and recorded my reading notes here.

1. What are smart objects?

Definition: A smart object is a device equipped with sensors, processors, communication devices, and power supplies.

Important attribute: interaction and communication capabilities with the real world

Challenges:

• Node-level challenges: energy consumption, volume, and cost. Resource restrictions, power supply efficiency, and computing power

• Network-level challenge: the routing protocol design of Smart Object networks is affected by the large data volume and the network size. A route can be generated in a centralized manner, that is, a central server computes a route map for the entire network, or it can be distributed, that is, each node independently determines where each message is sent. The inherent attribute of Smart Object networks is lossy ). Large scale features make node addressing complex. Network Management: you cannot manually adjust each node. Smart Object networks must provide external access mechanisms.

• Standardization: it is a key factor for the success of smart objects. There are many challenges. Smart Object networks include many layers of technology, from low-power communication technology, networks and routes to application-layer access and IT system integration. Each layer has its own technical challenges. More importantly, the standardization of each layer is managed by different subjects.

• Interoperability: Smart Objects of different manufacturers must communicate with each other from the physical layer to the application layer or the integration layer. To achieve interconnection, it is necessary to define the technical architecture of smart objects so that they can be easily interconnected. However, the technical architecture of Smart Objects remains unsolved. IP architecture ?!

I believe that the future of smart things in terms of technology, standards, and interconnectivity is an IP protocol.

Ii. IP protocol architecture

Versatility and scalability.

An Internet architecture that can span multiple communication technologies is required. The IP architecture provides unprecedented connectivity for existing networks, applications, and services.

Iii. IPv6 protocol for Internet of Things

Why is IPv4 still so popular? Because of the cost and migration complexity!

The current NAT technology breaks the rules for end-to-end communication in the IP architecture.

4. routes in the IP Network

The main function of the routing protocol is to determine the "Optimal" path to the destination based on various weights and target functions.

For example, rip: the path with the minimum number of hops is the optimal path.

OSPF: path with the smallest sum of link costs.

This seemingly simple process is not only complex, but also has a direct impact on the quality of service (QoS) and reliability of the network.

Currently, the following routing protocols are developed: Intra-domain (RIP, is-is, OSPF, OLSR, and Oscar), Inter-Domain (BGP)

A key feature of the routing protocol: When a network link or node fails, you can find an alternative path, which is called "re-routing"

The time required to detect a network component failure and find an alternative route is defined as "convergence time" (the existing routing protocol is between several milliseconds to several hundred milliseconds)

The routing protocol can work with the underlying protection recovery mechanism.

Distributed routing

The routing record technology is feasible, but it also brings additional costs.

First, create a path, record the nodes on the path, and then avoid the nodes that pass through the first path and calculate the second path.

This two-step calculation of different paths does not ensure that two paths with different intersections exist, even if they do exist (the famous "trap" problem)

The routing protocol has a profound impact on the stability of the entire network.

L2 routing vs L3 Routing

Strictly speaking, routing means that the Protocol and mechanism need to calculate the path on the layer 3 (IP) of the multi-hop Network. It is called "route-over"

On the second layer, it is also possible to use the MAC address for path calculation, which is usually called "mesh-under"

Transport Layer: UDP

This article from the "pick Earth" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://3240611.blog.51cto.com/3230611/1564596

Reading Notes-IP-based Iot Architecture Technology and Application