Is Reading Notes not original?
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However, as humans, we should not be so closely integrated with technology, but more closely integrated with other things, that is, nature. At the deepest level, human existence should be integrated with nature, our initial environment, and those conditions that originally made us human.
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Today, machines are used to produce machines, and they become the parents of similar machines in the future.
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The construction of technology not only comes from the combination of existing technologies, but also from capturing and conquering natural phenomena. In
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Technology (all technologies) is a combination.
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Three basic principles
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Second, each component of the technology is also a micro-scaled technology.
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Article 3 The basic principle is that all technologies will use or develop certain (usually several) effects or phenomena (phenomenon ).
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The integration or combination of technical components is for their purpose.
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-Your note on page 44
Motivation
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The integration or combination of technical components is for their purpose.
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-Your note on page 44
Motivation, difference between the evolution of technology and biology.
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Definition: technology is a means to achieve human goals.
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Technology is the integration of practice and components (components ).
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A collection of technologies as devices and engineering practices that can be used in a culture.
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Devices and processes can indeed be in the same category.
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Technology is always built around a central concept or principle, such as a "method of things" or a feasible core concept.
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Various subprograms are constantly in connection with each other, and they constantly "talk", just like the jet engine.
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The decomposition of technology increases with market segments.
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A series of loosely bundled parts at the beginning will "solidify" into an independent unit if enough parts are used. The technical module will become a standard component over time.
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A technology is rarely fixed. It will constantly change the structure, and when the purpose changes, it will adapt and re-configure,
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In the real world, technologies are highly reconfigurable. They are mobile things that will never be static, end, or perfect.
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-Your note on Page 73
Theory, principle.
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Phenomenon is an essential source of technology.
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This example illustrates how to use the combination of phenomena to achieve the goal.
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In practice, phenomena must be "tamped" and properly prepared before they can be applied to technology. Natural forms of phenomena are difficult to take advantage of. They need to be cleverly induced to operate satisfactorily. They may only work under very limited conditions, so you must establish the correct support methods to make them serve the intended purpose.
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The currency system uses this phenomenon: as long as we believe that others will believe that a media exchange is valuable, and this trust will continue in the future, we will trust this system. It should be noted that the phenomenon here is not physical, but behavioral,
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Physical phenomenon.
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Purposed systems ).
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-Your note on Page 170
Select Parts Based on principle
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The reason why science is linked to technology at this time is not only because it can provide more insights and better predictions for the results, but also because some new symptom families are being developed.
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-Your note on page 91
Simplified Model
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The application of scientific ideas by technicians is just like that of politicians who applied the ideas of the Late political philosophers. They use these ideas day after day and know little about the details of their origins. However, this is not due to ignorance, but because those ideas originating in science will be digested and absorbed into the technology itself over time, for example, integrated into the electronics industry or biotechnology. They are integrated with experience and specific applications in these fields to create their own theories and practices.
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Technology controls phenomena, which are largely revealed by science.
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Why do individual technologies need to converge in groups? One of the reasons is that they share the symptom. But this is not the only reason. Technology is also shared with each other because they share a common goal:
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-Your note on page 100
Common assumptions
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Statistical software packages used to summarize and analyze data and conduct statistical tests have a common assumption that sampling should be normally distributed in the whole, therefore, the statistical software package shares the assumptions about the nature of the operated data.
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-Your note on page 101
Lib
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A technology (individual technology) is to accomplish a task and achieve a goal, and this goal is often very special. A domain (plural technology) does not need to complete the work; it only exists in a toolbox, from which you can select useful components or a series of application specifications.
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In 1930s, people could monitor planes flying across the channel to England with huge sound mirrors made of cement, 15 feet or higher. It needs to collect sound from 20 miles and then hand it over to someone with super-sensitive hearing. By the outbreak of the Second World War, radar was used to achieve the same purpose.
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It may require the customer to design a device, assemble a seismic analyzer, and render the map based on the echo of the explosion. This machine will be a miracle, and it may carry an angular receiver, an auxiliary copper gear and lever, as well as a turntable and a ink drawing pen. The device is slow and complex to work and will be used for seismic surveys. These domains (machines, railways, and early-stage Industrial Chemistry) in the Age of babes have very short tentacles, so there are limited possibilities to provide.
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In fact, just as the definition of a verbal expression depends not only on the syntax (it depends on the deep meaning of a word and its cultural relevance), the clear expression of technology does not depend solely on the syntax. The clear expression of technology requires deep knowledge of the relevant domain, including: the fluency of the vocabulary of the components used; familiarity with standard modules, previous designs, standard materials, and related technologies;
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-Your note on page 110
DSL
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The syntax largely reflects our understanding of the question "How does a particular domain actually work. This understanding not only comes from theory 8, but also from experience accumulation:
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The same task can be completed in different domain worlds, but the effect may be different.
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This implies that innovation is not an invention or an application to it (such as the invention and application of computers, Canal Systems, DNA or chips), but in a new world of possibilities, the process of constantly reexpressing (re-expressing) or reregistering (re-domaining) Old tasks (such as accounting, transportation, or medical diagnostics.
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What we need to pay attention to is the relationship between it and the language. First, we have an intention, and then the method of completion-the appropriate combination of components. Therefore, design is expression.
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If you have read any engineering manual, you will find many solutions to standard problems. For example, "Atlas of Mechanical and mechanical equipment" 8 shows "19 methods for coupling the rotating shaft" and "15 different cam mechanisms ". In another electronic manual, five kinds of oscillator are illustrated: The Armstrong oscillator, The koelpiz oscillator, the Rapp oscillator, The Hattan oscillator, And the Waka oscillator. Such manuals provide standard solutions to solve repetitive issues and can be modified for specific purposes.
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Each project in the standard project will display a series of problems, and each solution result is a set of corresponding solutions. Available solutions are constructed and disseminated among practitioners, some of which may become technical terms and then the construction elements or modules of future technologies. The standard project has contributed a lot to innovation and progress.
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New technologies are implemented based on new or different principles for existing purposes. A new technology is a process of linking specific needs with developable phenomena in terms of concept or practice.
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The formation of new technologies (laser printers, turbo jet engines, and computers) comes from a new or different basic principle.
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I found it useful to outline this chain. One end of the chain is "demand" or "purpose", and the other end is the basic "Phenomenon" that can achieve the demand or purpose ".
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There are two models for invention :? Starting from the end of the chain, it originates from a given purpose or requirement and then discovers a feasible principle. ? Starting from a phenomenon or effect at the other end of the chain, we gradually embed some principles of how to use it.
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Translate principle into working Element
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At this point, the requirement has become a detailed problem.
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If a solution is available, the standard technology is sufficient. However, the problem cannot be defined now, so how to define the problem itself becomes a challenge. Those who accept the challenge may encounter situations where they need to meet a certain requirement or overcome certain limitations. They will soon simplify the challenge into a requirement-a technical problem to be addressed.
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After hearing the story of Stark weze, What impressed you most should be his choice. Each secondary problem may have several solutions. Stark weize chooses solutions, tests their feasibility, and strives to form a harmonious whole. When the source of secondary or secondary problems needs to be found, he will expand down this tiered recursive approach. If these problems are solved or abandoned, he will go back to the source. This process is almost always a long journey. Only when necessary knowledge is obtained and the challenges posed by secondary technologies have been overcome can we take a big step forward. The forward direction always goes forward along the version that is just switched.
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What the Wright brothers need to do is to solve the four key secondary problems that hinder the principle from being translated into feasible technologies.
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The basic principle sometimes appears naturally, sometimes suddenly. The difficulty lies in how to make the principle play its role correctly. This may take a long time.
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There is no fundamental difference between originality in science and mathematics and originality in technology, so we don't have to be surprised. This correspondence exists not because science, mathematics, and technology are the same, but because they are all purposeful systems.
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There is no fundamental difference between originality in science and mathematics and originality in technology, so we don't have to be surprised. This correspondence exists not because science, mathematics, and technology are the same, but because they are all purposeful systems. Broadly speaking, it can also be regarded as a means to achieve the goal, so the same logic needs to be followed. The composition of the three comes from the form or principle: for technology, it comes from a conceptual method; for science, it comes from an explanatory structure; for mathematics, it comes from truth and the basic rational structure.
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In fact, what developers often look for is not a better component, but a phenomenon that this component can provide.
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The technology is mature when the replacement parts and structural deepening cannot do anything to improve performance. At this time, if you want to achieve further development, you need a new principle.
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As long as we can, we always tend to place perception on experience and events to create changes and relationships that match them. We tend to ignore, misunderstand, or deny things that do not conform to such a reference framework. As a result, we usually find what we are looking.
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-Your note on page 191
Changes in production tools
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Economics assumes that new technologies are "adopted" and they are accepted and applied to the economy. This is certainly true for individual technologies. Steel and steel manufacturers adopt the besemix production process, and their production capacity has also changed accordingly. However, this does not well describe the complex technology, such as computing or railway technology. I prefer to think that economic factors such as industry, companies, and business operations are not "using" a new technology, but "encountering" it. It is precisely because of this that new processes, new technologies, and emerging industries have emerged.
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-Your note on page 197
Unified or scattered power
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9 people rely on steam engines to provide power around a century before the plant was electrified. Every factory has such an independent engine. A huge guy with several floors of height throws and shakes a combination of pistons, flywheel, pulleys, and belts, drive the operation of the spindle, and then continue to drive other mechanical equipment in the factory. It was not until 1880s that the electric engine entered the operational stage as a major member of the new electronic domain. They consume low energy costs and can be divided into small units for installation. In this way, a motor can be installed next to each work machine that requires power. At the same time, they can be independently controlled and can be enabled or disabled separately as needed. There is no doubt that electric engines are a better technology.
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New technologies require the re-construction of factories.
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The craft form part may eventually become an academic paper and textbook, but the real professional skill part is largely hidden in the place where it was created, it is taken for granted, shared, and does not need to be explicitly stated.
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As the number of technologies increases, the possibility of combination increases accordingly.
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William ogburn observed this as early as 1922: "The more things that can be used to aid inventions, the more inventions there will be ."
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He expected the growth of material culture (technology) to show "similarities with the compound interest curve ". If he can write today, he will say that technology is growing exponentially.
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In fact, demand is not an appropriate word. Because when penicillin or MRI does not exist, there is no way to explicitly demand them in the economy. So we should talk about the opportunity of technology, that is, the niche that technology can effectively occupy.
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-Your note on page 219
New technologies may be combined with old technologies, or they may be replaced. It is a niche.
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In practice, they are not in this way clean and orderly, but often happen in parallel.
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-Your note on page 223
And non-Portal
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Only NAND (not and) circuits (
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We cannot predict what kind of combination will be formed or what kind of opportunity niche will be created. As the potential combination increases exponentially, this uncertainty will also increase with the development of the technology body.
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In this way, the economy forms or restructured itself in the midst of sudden changes, including innovation and adaptation to this new institutional arrangement, as well as opportunities and niche that follow each other. Let me illustrate my point in detail with a specific example. When practical textile machinery was born in the UK in 1760s, it provided a way to replace production that was then based on hand workshops. 2 at that time, the textiles of wool and cotton cloth were all manually completed at home, and they were part of the industrial organization. The new machine was partially successful at the beginning. Next, it needed a larger organization than a home workshop, so it provided opportunities for more advanced organizational arrangements (textile mills or wool mills) and became part of it. A factory is actually a technology. It, as an organizational means, needs another means to implement: factory labor. Of course, the labor force already exists in the economy, but at that time there was not enough people in the local area to support this new factory system, so it was necessary to mobilize the labor force. Because most of the labor is from the countryside, this requires a place to live near the factory, as a result of the construction of workers' dormitories and workers' housing. As factories, workers, and their habitat combine the growth of an industrialized city, a new set of social organization or arrangement emerges, the Victorian industrial economy with such a structure began to appear. In this way, a set of matching arrangements with super industrial machinery are shown in the characteristics of an era. However, this process is far from over. Many of the workers in the factory are children who often work under the same conditions as those in Dickens' works, which also triggers a strong demand for reform, this kind of reform needs not only about the moral condition of the lower class, but also their security situation. Then, the legal system needs to make further arrangements to respond to this, and the Labor Law is developed in this case to prevent the worst evil. Then the new working class began to ask to share the wealth created by the factory. They used a means to improve their situation, namely, trade unions. Labor forces in factories are easier to organize than labor forces in household workshops. 4. As a result, after a few years, trade unions have become a political force that cannot be underestimated. Under this mechanism, textile machinery not only replaces manual production methods, but also provides opportunities for higher-level institutional arrangements (factory systems. In this institutional arrangement, machinery is only one component. The new factory system, in turn, has established a chain of needs to serve the labor force and its residents. In turn, the solution to this problem creates further demands, all of which ultimately evolve into a Victorian industrial system. This process took over 100 years to complete.
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Since then, the spinning man can no longer Rotate her spinning wheel at home, and the Weaver can no longer throw his shuttle at home. Now, work must be done in the factory. As a member of the team, work should be done together with the whole team at the pace specified by a boring and lifeless machine, start, pause, and stop-all these are under close supervision. The factory uses ethics, financial rewards and punishments to encourage workers to work diligently, sometimes even physically forced. The factory is a new kind of prison, and the clock is a group of new jailkeepers ."
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The coming new technology is not just about breaking the static state. For example, discovering a new combination that is better than the current product or method: it requires a series of conditions to place new technologies, and solve some new problems.
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The coming new technology is not just about breaking the static state. For example, discovering a new combination that is better than the current product or method: it requires a series of conditions to place new technologies, and solve some new problems. In this way, it is necessary to create a new opportunity niche for further technologies that can solve these problems-and then there will be further problems. Therefore, the economy always exists in an eternal change and in an eternal novelty.
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Our theory starts with three principles: all technologies are combinations of elements, and these elements are technologies themselves. All technologies use phenomena for a certain purpose.
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Once new technologies (single technology) are born, they immediately become a potential component for further building and updating technologies.
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The total amount of national wealth obtained from the perspective of resource occupation is not as much as from the perspective of professional science and technical knowledge. Most of the company's competitive advantages come from their technical expertise.
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From a process or machine that only achieves a single goal function to a technology that uses different combinations to achieve different goals. In order to reflect the transformation of technology, the economy, at least in the high-tech sector, is more focused on how to gather and piece together things, rather than how to improve existing operations.
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Their starship is weak, organic, and must be kicked to make it run. This is crucial. Their technology is human.
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They do not use human nature and technology to trade, nor make the will to surrender to technology. The technology surrendered to them. And because of this, the technology expands their nature.
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We have already made a difference between our nature of technology and our nature of technological expansion.
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If we just use the original form of natural phenomena to drive a Waterwheel or a sailing boat, we will have a sense of technology and our trust and hope will not be so different. But now, with the coming genetic engineering, machine intelligence, bionic, and climate engineering, we are beginning to use technology (taking advantage of nature) to directly intervene in nature. This kind of feeling is extremely unnatural for our native family of trees, grass, and other animals. This disrupts our trust in our hearts. This kind of inner anxiety will be unconsciously reflected in many aspects. We started to turn to tradition, to environmental protectionism, and to listen back to family values. We turned to original principles, and we protested. The essence behind our responses is fear, whether reasonable or not. We are afraid that technology will separate us from nature. We are afraid that technology will destroy nature and destroy our nature.
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We are afraid that technology, as a living thing, will bring us death. It is not death in the sense of "nonexistent", but worse death, a death that loses freedom, or a death of will.
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Technology was created by humans and based on the most primitive phenomenon of nature, but has begun an evolutionary journey from "human and nature.
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Reading Notes: the essence of technology-What is technology and how it evolved (Brian? Arthur)
