Red-Blue alternation in VR assignments of Beijing University of Technology

The Graduate Student offered the virtual reality course and chose it with a try. Because the "Interactive Graphic programming" (taught by Li hongsong) offered by the Software Institute ), at that time, I used DX9 + vs2008 to develop a set of Microsoft things. Today, this course requires OpenGL, and I am not used to it. Of course, I have asked Mr. Li Fengxia that DX9 can fully implement OpenGL. However, since we all use OpenGL, try it.

The first step is to configure the development environment. I searched the internet and found that the following files are required:

GLUT. h

GLUT. Lib

Glu32.lib

GLUT. dll

Glu32.dll

Glaux. h

Glaux. Lib

Put these files in the vs2008 folder. My files are D: \ visual_studio_2008 \ Vc. put the H file into D: \ visual_studio_2008 \ Vc \ include \ GL ;. put the Lib file in D: \ visual_studio_2008 \ Vc \ Lib ;. DLL to c: \ windows \ system32. After completing these steps, you only need to configure them in vs2008.

Create a new Win32 console program and enter the project menu item for configuration as follows:

After completing these configurations, create a new CPP file and paste the student code given by instructor Li:

# Pragma comment (Lib, "opengl32.lib") # pragma comment (Lib, "glu32.lib") # pragma comment (Lib, "glu32.lib") # pragma comment (Lib, "Glaux. lib ") # include <windows. h> // windows header file # include <stdio. h> // header file of the standard input/output Library (Added) # include <GL \ GL. h> // the header file of the opengl32 library # include <GL \ Glu. h> // the header file of the glu32 library # include <GL \ Glaux. h> // hglrchrc = NULL in the header file of the Glaux Library; // permanent coloring description table hdchdc = NULL; // hwndhwnd = NULL in the private GDI device description table; // save our window handle hinstanceh Instance; // The instance boolkeys for saving the program [256]; // The array boolactive = true for the keyboard routine; // The activity flag of the window. The default value is trueboolfullscreen = true; // The full-screen flag is set to the full-screen mode intfspeed = 3 by default; // the speed of the red basket switching frame rate, the more slow the intframespeed = fspeed; floatrspeed = 4.0f; // the rotation speed, faster floatrot = 0.0f; lresultcallback wndproc (hwnd, uint, wparam, lparam); // wndproc defines glvoid resizeglscene (glsizei width, glsizeheight I) // reset and initialize the GL window size {If (Height = 0) // prevent division by zero {Height = 1; // set height to 1} glviewport (, Width, height); // reset the current viewport glmatrixmode (gl_projection); // select the projection matrix glloadidentity (); // reset the projection matrix // calculate the appearance ratio of the window gluperspective (45.0f, (glfloat) width/(glfloat) height, 0.1f, 100366f); glmatrixmode (gl_modelview ); // select the model observation matrix glloadidentity (); // reset the model observation matrix} int initgl (glvoid) // All OpenGL settings are started here {glshademodel (gl_smooth ); // enable the shadow smooth glclearcolor (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // The black background glcleardepth (1.0f); // sets the deep cache glable (gl_de Pth_test); // enable gldepthfunc (gl_lequal); // glhint (gl_perspective_correction_hint, gl_nicest) of the type of the deep test; // return true for a truly fine-grained perspective correction; // initialize OK} // draw the missile model void drawmissile (void) {float scale = 0.06; float P [3] = {0 * scale, 0 * scale, 13 * scale}; // missile vertex // float PR [3] = {9, 0, 0}; // Missile tail point float a [3] = {1 * scale, 1.732 * scale, 7 * scale}; // front hexagonal float B [3] = {2 * scale, 0 * scale, 7 * scale }; float C [3] = {1 * scale,-1.732 * scale, 7 * scale}; float d [3] = {-1 * scale,-1.732 * scale, 7 * scale}; float E [3] = {-2 * scale, 0 * scale, 7 * scale }; float f [3] = {-1 * scale, 1.732 * scale, 7 * scale}; float ar [3] = {1 * scale, 1.732 * scale, -7 * scale}; // float BR [3] = {2 * scale, 0 * scale,-7 * scale }; float cr [3] = {1 * scale,-1.732 * scale,-7 * scale}; float Dr [3] = {-1 * scale,-1.732 * scale, -7 * scale}; float er [3] = {-2 * scale, 0 * scale,-7 * scale}; float FR [3] = {-1 * scale, 1.732 * scale,-7 * scale}; // 4 Four tails, float WY [4] [4] [3] ={{ 2 * scale, 0 * scale, 3 * scale }, {3.5 * scale, 0 * scale,-5.5 * scale}, {4 * scale, 0 * scale,-9 * scale}, {2 * scale, 0 * scale, -8 * scale }},{ {0 * scale, 1.732 * scale, 3 * scale}, {0 * scale, 3.5 * scale,-5.5 * scale }, {0 * scale, 4 * scale,-9 * scale}, {0 * scale, 1.732 * scale,-8 * scale }},{-2 * scale, 0 * scale, 3 * scale}, {-3.5 * scale, 0 * scale,-5.5 * scale}, {-4 * scale, 0 * scale, -9 * scale}, {-2 * scale, 0 * scale,-8 * SCA Le }},{ {0 * scale,-1.732 * scale, 3 * scale}, {0 * scale,-3.5 * scale,-5.5 * scale }, {0 * scale,-4 * scale,-9 * scale}, {0 * scale,-1.732 * scale,-8 * scale }}}; // 1 // glcolor3f (1, 0, 0); glbegin (gl_triangles ); // draw top cover ==============================/// glshademodel (gl_smooth ); glvertex3fv (p); glvertex3fv (a); glvertex3fv (f); glend (); glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3fv (p); glvertex3fv (f); glvertex3fv (E ); glend (); glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3fv (P); glvertex3fv (E); glvertex3fv (d); glend (); glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3fv (p); glvertex3fv (d); glvertex3fv (C ); glend (); glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3fv (p); glvertex3fv (c); glvertex3fv (B); glend (); glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3fv (P ); glvertex3fv (B); glvertex3fv (a); glend (); // draw a bullet body =============================================== // glcolor3f (0.5, 0.5, 0.5); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3fv (a); glvertex3fv (AR); glvertex3fv (FR); GLV Ertex3fv (f); glend (); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3fv (f); glvertex3fv (FR); glvertex3fv (ER); glvertex3fv (E); glend (); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3fv (E); glvertex3fv (ER); glvertex3fv (DR); glvertex3fv (d); glend (); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3fv (d ); glvertex3fv (DR); glvertex3fv (CR); glvertex3fv (c); glend (); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3fv (c); glvertex3fv (CR); glvertex3fv (BR ); glvertex3fv (B); glend (); glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3f V (B); glvertex3fv (BR); glvertex3fv (AR); glvertex3fv (a); glend (); // glbegin (gl_polygon); glvertex3fv (AR ); glvertex3fv (BR); glvertex3fv (CR); glvertex3fv (DR); glvertex3fv (ER); glvertex3fv (FR); glend (); // draw the tail ================================================== ===/// glcolor3f (0.1, 0.5, 1.0); For (INT I = 0; I <= 3; I ++) {glbegin (gl_quads); glvertex3f (WY [I] [0] [0], WY [I] [0] [1], WY [I] [0] [2]); glvertex3f (WY [I] [1] [0], WY [I] [1] [1], WY [I] [1] [2]); glver Tex3f (WY [I] [2] [0], WY [I] [2] [1], WY [I] [2] [2]); glvertex3f (WY [I] [3] [0], WY [I] [3] [1], WY [I] [3] [2]); glend ();}} //************************************** * ***************** int drawglscene (glvoid) // start from here to draw all {glclear (gl_color_buffer_bit | gl_depth_buffer_bit); // clear the screen and depth cache glloadidentity (); // reset the current model observation matrix float POS [3]; // object position float color [3]; // object color POS [1] =-0.1f; pos [2] =-3.0f; If (framespeed <= (fspeed/2) {pos [0] =-0.02f; Color [0] = 1.0f; color [1] = 0.0f; color [2] = 0.0f;} else {pos [0] = 0.02f; color [0] = 0.0f; color [1] = 0.0f; color [2] = 1.0f;} glpushmatrix (); gltranslatef (Pos [0], POS [1], POS [2]); glcolor3f (color [0], color [1], color [2]); glrotatef (rot, 1, 1, 1 ); // degree x, y, z/* glbegin (gl_triangles); glvertex3f (0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); then (-0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glvertex3f (0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glend (); */drawmissile (); glpopmatrix (); framespeed --; // frame minus one if (Framespeed <0) framespeed = fspeed; rot + = rspeed; If (Rot> = 360.0f) rot = 0.0f; return true; // All OK} // This Code only calls glvoid killglwindow (glvoid) before exiting the program // normal destruction window {If (fullscreen) // are we in full screen mode? {Changedisplaysettings (null, 0); // Yes, switch back to the desktop showcursor (true); // display the mouse pointer} If (HRC) // do we have a coloring description table? {If (! Wglmakecurrent (null, null) // can we release the DC and RC description tables? {MessageBox (null, "Release of DC and RC failed.", "shutdown error", mb_ OK | mb_iconinformation);} If (! Wgldeletecontext (HRC) // can we delete RC? {MessageBox (null, "Release rendering context failed. "," shutdown error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconinformation);} HRC = NULL; // set RC to null} If (HDC &&! Releasedc (hwnd, HDC) // can we release DC? {MessageBox (null, "release device context failed. "," shutdown error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconinformation); HDC = NULL; // set HDC to null} If (hwnd &&! Destroywindow (hwnd) // can I destroy the window? {MessageBox (null, "cocould not release hwnd.", "shutdown error", mb_ OK | mb_iconinformation); hwnd = NULL; // set hwnd to null} If (! Unregisterclass ("OpenGL", hinstance) // can I deregister a class? {MessageBox (null, "cocould not unregister class. "," shutdown error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconinformation); hinstance = NULL; // set hinstance to null}/* This Code creates our OpenGL window. parameters are: ** title-title to appear at the top of the window ** width-width of the GL window or fullscreen mode ** height-height of the GL window or fullscreen mode ** bits -Number of BITs to use for color (8/16/24/32) ** fullsc Reenflag-use fullscreen mode (true) or invalid wed mode (false) This process returns a Boolean variable (true or false ). It also has five parameters: the title bar of the window, the width of the window, the height of the window, the number of colors (16/24/32), and the full screen logo (true-Full Screen mode, false-window mode ). The returned Boolean value indicates whether the window is successfully created. */Bool createglwindow (char * Title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag) {gluintpixelformat; // Save the matching result wndclasswc; // dworddwexstyle; // extended window style dworddwstyle; // window style rectwindowrect; // obtain the coordinate value windowrect in the upper left corner and lower right corner of the rectangle. left = (long) 0; // set left to 0windowrect. right = (long) width; // set right to the required width windowrect. top = (long) 0; // set top to 0windowrect. bottom = (long) height; // set bottom to the required height. fullscreen = fullscr Eenflag; // set the global full screen flag hinstance = getmodulehandle (null); // obtain the WC of the instance in our window. style = cs_hredraw | cs_vredraw | cs_owndc; // redraw when moving and obtain dcwc for the window. lpfnwndproc = (wndproc) wndproc; // wndproc processes the message WC. cbclsextra = 0; // no extra window data WC. cbwndextra = 0; // no extra window data WC. hinstance = hinstance; // set the WC of the instance. hicon = loadicon (null, idi_winlogo); // load the default icon WC. hcursor = loadcursor (null, idc_arrow); // load the WC pointer. hbrbackground = NULL; // GL does not require background WC. lpszmenun Ame = NULL; // menu WC. lpszclassname = "OpenGL" is not required; // set the class name if (! Registerclass (& WC) // try to register the window class {MessageBox (null, "failed to register the window class. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // exit and return false} If (fullscreen) // do you want to try full screen mode? {Devmode dmscreensettings; // device mode memset (& dmscreensettings, 0, sizeof (dmscreensettings); // ensure that the memory is allocated dmscreensettings. dmsize = sizeof (dmscreensettings); // the size of the devmode structure dmscreensettings. dmpelswidth = width; // The selected screen width dmscreensettings. dmpelsheight = height; // specifies the screen height dmscreensettings. dmbitsperpel = bits; // The color depth dmscreensettings selected for each pixel. dmfields = dm_bitsperpel | dm_pelswidth | dm_pelsheight; // set the display mode and return the result. Note: the status bar is removed from cds_fullscreen. If (changedisplaysettings (& dmscreensettings, cds_fullscreen )! = Disp_change_successful) {// If the mode fails, two options are provided: exit or run in the window. If (MessageBox (null, "the requested fullscreen mode is not supported by \ Nyour video card. Use protected wed mode instead? "," Kingwise Gl ", mb_yesno | mb_iconexclamation) = idyes) {fullscreen = false; // select the window mode (fullscreen = false )} else {// pop up a message box lew.user know the program is closing. messageBox (null, "program will now close. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconstop); Return false; // return false }}if (fullscreen) // is it still in full screen mode? {Dwexstyle = ws_ex_appwindow; // extended form style dwstyle = ws_popup; // form style showcursor (false); // hide the mouse pointer} else {dwexstyle = ws_ex_appwindow | ws_ex_windowedge; // extended form style dwstyle = ws_overlappedwindow; // form style} adjustwindowrectex (& windowrect, dwstyle, false, dwexstyle ); // adjust the size of the window to meet the actual requirements. // create the required WIF (! (Hwnd = createjavaswex (dwexstyle, // extended form style "OpenGL", // class name title, // window title dwstyle | // defined window stylews_clipsiblings | // required form style attributes ws_clipchildren, // required form style attributes 0, 0, // window position windowrect. right-WindowRect.left, // calculate the adjusted window width windowrect. bottom-WindowRect.top, // calculate the adjusted window height null, // No parent window null, // no menu hinstance, // instance null ))) // do not pass any stuff to wm_create {killglwindow (); // reset the MessageBox (null, "window creation error. "," error ", MB _ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} staticpixelformatdescriptor PFD = // PFD tell the window what we want (sizeof (pixelformatdescriptor ), // appeal format descriptor size 1, // version pfd_draw_to_window | // The format must support window pfd_support_opengl | // The format must support openglpfd_doublebuffer, and // The Double Buffer pfd_type_rgba must be supported, // apply for the rgba format bits, // select the color depth 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // ignore the color bit 0, // No Alpha cache 0, // ignore shift bit0, // No aggregation cache 0, 0, 0, 0, // ignore the aggregation bit 16, // 16-bit Z-Cache (deep cache) 0, // No template cache 0, // no secondary cache pfd_main_plane, // primary Drawing Layer 0, // retain 0, 0, 0 // ignore layer mask}; If (! (HDC = getdc (hwnd) // get the device description table? {Killglwindow (); // reset the MessageBox (null, "can't create a GL device context. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} If (! (Pixelformat = choosepixelformat (HDC, & PFD) // does Windows find the corresponding pixel format? {Killglwindow (); // reset the displaymessagebox (null, "can't find a suitable pixelformat. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} If (! Setpixelformat (HDC, pixelformat, & PFD) // can I set the pixel format? {Killglwindow (); // reset the displaymessagebox (null, "can't set the pixelformat. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} If (! (HRC = wglcreatecontext (HDC) // can the colored description table be obtained? {Killglwindow (); // reset the displaymessagebox (null, "can't create a GL rendering context. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} If (! Wglmakecurrent (HDC, HRC) // try to activate the coloring description table {killglwindow (); // reset the displaymessagebox (null, "can't activate the GL rendering context. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} showwindow (hwnd, sw_show); // display window setforegroundwindow (hwnd ); // slightly higher priority setfocus (hwnd); // sets the keyboard focus to the current window resizeglscene (width, height); // sets the perspective GL screen if (! Initgl () // initialize the newly created GL window {killglwindow (); // reset the displaymessagebox (null, "initialization failed. "," error ", mb_ OK | mb_iconexclamation); Return false; // return false} return true; // success} lresult callback wndproc (hwndhwnd, // window handle uintumsg, // window message wparamwparam, // additional message content lparamlparam) // additional message content {Switch (umsg) // check Windows message {Case wm_activate: // monitoring window activation message {If (! Hiword (wparam) // check the minimal state {active = true; // program is active} else {active = false; // program is no longer active} return 0; // return to the message loop} case wm_syscommand: // interrupt the system command intercept system commands {Switch (wparam) // check the system call check system CILS {Case SC _screensave: // is screensaver running? Case SC _monitorpower: // is the monitor going to power-saving mode? Return 0; // prevent occurrence} break; // exit} case wm_close: // receive the close message? {Postquitmessage (0); // return 0 when an Exit message is sent; // jump back} case wm_keydown: // is there a key pressed? {Keys [wparam] = true; // If yes, set it to truereturn 0; // jump back} case wm_keyup: // is there a key to open it? {Keys [wparam] = false; // If so, mark it as falsereturn 0; // jump back} case wm_size: // resize the OpenGL window {resizeglscene (loword (lparam), hiword (lparam); // loword = width, hiword = heightreturn 0; // jump back }}// send all unprocessed messages to defwindowproc (hwnd, umsg, wparam, lparam);} int winapi winmain (hinstancehinstance, // instance hinstancehprevinstance, // previous instance lpstrlpcmdline, // command line parameter intncmdshow) // window display Status {msgmsg; // windowsx message structure booldone = false; // The bool variable used to exit the loop // prompt the user to select the running mode if (MessageBox (null, "wocould you like to run in fullscreen mode? "," Start fullscreen? ", Mb_yesno | mb_iconquestion) = IDNO) {fullscreen = false; // define wed mode} // create an OpenGL window *****************************!! If (! Createglwindow ("kingwise's OpenGL framework", 640,480, 16, fullscreen) {return 0; // quit if window was not created} while (! Done) // keep the loop until done = true {If (peekmessage (& MSG, null, pm_remove) // is there a message waiting? {If (msg. Message = wm_quit) // receives the Exit message? {Done = true; // if so done = true} else // No, processing window message {translatemessage (& MSG); // translation message dispatchmessage (& MSG ); // send message} else // if there are no messages {// draw scenario. Monitor the ESC key and Exit message from drawglscene () if (active) // program active? {If (Keys [vk_escape]) // was ESC pressed? {Done = true; // ESC signalled a quit} else // when not exiting, refresh the screen {drawglscene (); // draw the swapbuffers (HDC) scenario ); // exchange cache (Double Cache)} If (Keys [vk_f1]) // is the F1 key pressed? {Keys [vk_f1] = false; // If yes, set the value in the corresponding key array to falsekillglwindow (); // destroy the current window fullscreen =! Fullscreen; // switch to full screen/window mode // recreate the OpenGL window if (! Createglwindow ("kingwise's OpenGL framework", 640,480, 16, fullscreen) {return 0; // if the window cannot be created, program exit }}}// close the program killglwindow (); // destroy the window return (MSG. wparam); // exit the program}

Compile, found 19 errors, Internet search, found that someone has encountered such a problem, http://www.lampthneo.com/error-c2664-messageboxw-const-char-lpcwstr.html estimates this person is not my alumni, the solution is to change the character set, in addition, switch the sub-system options below the linker.

Then re-compile and run the program. After the black screen, you can see the red and blue arrows. I feel that the effect of viewing in win7 is very poor. Microsoft really liked the black OpenGL.

In the end, I have to say that it is not a matter of writing what people have written. I have to write it myself. Teacher Li said that plagiarism is acceptable, but I must understand it. Let's take a look.