[Reprint] Using illustrator and orthogonal projection principles and basic three-view plotting

Source: http://www.vanqy.cn/index.php/2009/03/working-with-orthographic-projections-and-basic-isometrics/

Orthographics)

The working principle of an orthogonal projection chart is to use several different views to describe what an object looks like. Orthogonal views are generally referred to as engineering drawings or top views. With a set of orthogonal views and illustrator, you can easily draw 3D Objects Observed from any angle. To create a precise 3D model, orthogonal views are usually used.

Orthogonal view is a good way to express 3D objects in 2D mode. Generally, a set of orthogonal views includes top views, front views, and side views drawn proportionally.

 

A group of orthogonal views can contain more than three views to describe a more complex object. In particular, when an object has a unique view plane, only three views alone cannot correctly describe an object.

If you have a set of clear and complete orthogonal views, you can draw the results of observing objects from any angle in any way according to engineering requirements. On the contrary, if you want to draw an orthogonal view of an object, you must first accurately measure the length and width of the object to form a series of data, so that you can draw an orthogonal view. You can use a ruler and a circle to measure the performance of an object, record it, or even draw a sketch. Once you have collected the useful basic data, you can start to draw them in Illustrator-this will bring us into the world of the equisigned projection view (The world of Isometrics).

The same-angle projection view is derived from the unequal-angle projection view system (Axonometric projection). The angular projection view originated from the same method of the Greek (Equal measure), This is because the angular projection view system is not built on the disappearing Point System (in fact, the perspective system is also called the shadow point system, it is built on a set of cross grids composed of 30 ° Skewed lines.

The Cartesian projection system is a bit distorted. When a cube with a perspective effect is put together with a cube under an equisigned projection system, this feeling is even more obvious. If you are planning to draw a picture on an equal-angle projection system, It means there will be some "distortion", but it is this "distortion" that gives the same-angle view a unique visual experience. There is a huge advantage of an object drawn under the equisigned projection system, that is, when you draw an object, it will always look the same no matter where you place it.

The angular view does not disappear or have a horizontal line, and an object looks the same at any position on your cart. This is very important and practical, because you only need to draw an object once and copy it as needed. For example, you only need to draw a screw, and then you can copy 100 pieces, you can put them in any position to ensure they look the same. This is a very powerful tool that can't be estimated in improving workflow and action efficiency.

Of course, there are other graphics systems that do not rely on the perspective system (which means there are no disappearing points and no horizontal lines required). These graphics systems give us different conveniences. However, the only method used for plotting an equisigned projection system is that it not only has a great effect on professional illustrator, but also is very practical for other graphic artists. The early application of the angular projection system's plotting principle resulted in the generation of the "angular projection system sub-family"-all early graphics games-as well as the ghost Painting Art and countless ghost painting artists. In particular, the emergence of more and more popular information icons widely used in magazines and newspapers is being developed by graphic artists without professional illustration backgrounds.

Plotting in an equisigned projection system

Well, after having a basic understanding of the above knowledge, you can do the drawing. The good start of the drawing is to first draw a 30 ° grid in illustrator.

1. First, set the preference parameter (CTRL + k) and set the keyboard increment to 1 inch. In most cases, this requires two adjustments:

2. Click at any position on the page using the line tool. A dialog box is displayed, with a length of 20 in and an angle of 30 °:

3. Move the drawn line segment to the left of the page, press and hold the Alt key, and right-click the line, and copy a row:

4. You can repeat Step 1 to draw a straight line in another direction, but the angle is 3rd °. Alternatively, select all copied line segments, double-click the Toolbox's image tool, and select copy along the vertical axis in the pop-up window:

5. Now you have an equal-angle projection system network. Select all line segments and press Ctrl + 5 to convert the line segments into reference lines:

6. Now we can work on this network. The goal is to draw a small square. Use the pen tool to draw a quadrilateral and use the Direct selection tool to adjust the position:

7. Draw the other two sides of a square in the same way. For details, see the illustration. This is more intuitive and clearer than the language description.

8. Select the selected range and press Ctrl + G to quickly group the data. Then, you can copy and adjust the size and combine them as needed:

A little touch:

Balanced three views

1. Draw a basic three-view on the network of illustrator:

2. First, draw the first surface, calculate the number of cells occupied by the surface in the Three-view diagram, and then select the tool to adjust the position directly:

Next draw:

3. Take a look at the relationship between the completion chart and the three views:

4. Multiple exercises:

5. Some thoughts:

Be patient and be careful. In the following complex examples, you may not be able to draw the correct perspective for the first time, but you will surely find that, in fact, some of the above and the three views have the same number of grids in the angular drawing system. By grasping this point, we can easily draw a three-dimensional diagram.