September 30 Jobs

1. Project Cost Management

Cost estimation: A approximate estimate of the resource costs required to complete the activities of the project.

Cost Budgeting: The total cost estimate is assigned to activities or work packages to establish a baseline of costs.

Cost control: Control the change of project budget.

Cost out of control reason: the cost estimation work and the cost budget work is not accurate and meticulous, the project does not have the unified standard and the norm to carry on the cost estimation and the cost budget and the development project cost control method to be possible, the thought cognition existence misunderstanding, thinks the project is innovative, As a result, there will be too many variables and variables in the project implementation process, the actual cost of exceeding the budgeted cost is inevitable, of course.

Cost estimation (for money)

Cost estimates are approximate estimates of the cost of various resources necessary to complete the activities of the project.

The preparation of project cost estimates requires three main steps: Identifying accounts, estimating costs, and analyzing cost estimates.

Tools and Techniques: Analogy estimation method (top-down estimation method: Advantages Simple, less cost, poor estimation accuracy), resource rate determination, bottom-up cost estimate (Quantity list method, the result should be very detailed, and more accurate than other methods, but more expensive), project management software, Seller's bid analysis, reserve analysis (contingency reserve, estimated cost that is freely used by the project manager to handle expected but uncertain events, these events are known as "known unknown events". ), quality costs.

Cost of budget (money)

Steps to prepare a cost budget: Allocate the total project cost to the individual work packages for the project work breakdown structure, establish a total budget cost for each work package, and no more than the budgeted cost of all the work packages, the result cannot exceed the project's overall budget cost ; the cost assigned to each work package is assigned two additional times to the activities included in the work package, the time plan for each cost budget expenditure, and the cumulative budgeted cost for each point in time (the total of the budgeted cost per period to that point), and the project cost budget plan.

Tools and Technologies: Total cost, management reserve (unknown unknown, project manager must be approved before use), parametric model, rationalization of expenditure

Cost control

The main content of cost control:

Identify the factors that cause the project cost baseline plan to change and influence these factors to ensure that the change moves in a favourable direction; In the work package, supervise the implementation of the cost, find out the deviation between the actual cost and the budget cost, find out the reason of the deviation, and make the analysis and evaluation of the actual cost. , the implementation of the cost deviation of the work package management, targeted corrective action, the approved cost change and Adjusted cost baseline plan to inform the project personnel, the prevention of incorrect, inappropriate or unauthorized changes in the project costs incurred in the project cost budget, while the cost control, should be closely related to project scope change, schedule change, quality control and so on, so as to prevent the project scope, schedule and quality problems caused by simply controlling cost.

Tools and Technologies: Cost Change control system (cost change request, approve cost change request and change Project cost budget), performance measurement (earned value management is a method that combines scope, time, cost performance measurement), forecast technology, project performance evaluation, project management software, deviation management

2. Project Quality Management

Quality planning: Determine the quality standards that are appropriate for the project and decide how to meet those standards.

Quality assurance: Used for planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that all required processes in the project meet the expectations of the stakeholders.

Quality Control: Monitor specific project results to determine whether they meet relevant quality standards and develop effective solutions to eliminate the causes of quality problems.

Modern quality management is a complement to project management, both of which are considered important content: customer satisfaction, prevention of errors through inspection, management responsibilities, and continuous improvement.

Quality planning

Quality strategy is an organization's overall intent and direction for quality, such as CMMI Certification

Cmmi

Tools and technologies: cost/benefit analysis, benchmarking (analogy analysis), experimental design, quality cost (to ensure that all work costs are consistent with the requirements are called consistent costs (prevention costs, evaluation costs) The total cost of work due to non-conformance is called inconsistent cost (failure cost (internal cost and external cost).

Prevention costs: Some of the activities that have been taken before the project results have been made to meet the project's quality requirements;

Cost Assessment: The cost of the project's results, in order to assess whether the project's results meet the project's quality requirements for testing activities;

Failure cost: After the result of the project, through the quality testing activities found that the project results can not meet the quality requirements, in order to correct their errors to meet the quality requirements of the costs incurred.

Output: Quality management plan, quality metrics (indicators that affect quality in IT projects: functionality is a system that performs its intended function and degree; The system output is the interface and report generated by the system; performance is how a product or service effectively performs the intended use of a customer Reliability refers to the ability of a product or service to operate as expected under normal conditions without any unacceptable defects; Maintainability describes the ease of product maintenance), quality checklists, process improvement plans, and updated project management plans.

Quality Assurance (QA)

Quality assurance is generally done by the quality Assurance department or a similar related department.

Quality assurance is the quality control process of quality planning and quality control, can be divided into: internal quality control and external quality control.

All changes are subject to formal documentation, and verbal and non-documented changes are not valid.

Tools and Technologies: Quality audits (structural reviews and independent evaluations), process analysis, benchmarking, quality planning tools and techniques, quality control tools and technologies.

Quality Control (QC)

The quality control of the project is mainly from the following two aspects: the quality control of the project product or service, the quality control of the project management process (through the project audit to carry out).

Prevention (exclusion of errors from the process) and inspection (exclusion of errors before reaching the customer)

Special sampling (results in compliance or non-conformance) and variable sampling (results are expressed in a continuous coordinate system that measures the degree of conformity)

Special cause (abnormal event) and immediate cause (normal process deviation)

The error of the license (if the result is acceptable within the permissible error limits) and the control limit (if the result is within the control limit, the process is in control)

Tools and Technologies:

Identification: checklist, post Leito analysis, causal analysis, trend analysis

Analysis: Histogram, scatter chart, control chart, causality analysis, trend analysis.

Inspection: Measurement, inspection and testing

Checklist: Usually made up of detailed entries; A checklist is a methodical tool that can be simplified.

Control charts are also called management charts.

The Pareto chart comes from the Pareto law, which is the 80/20 law, and 20% causes 80% problems.

Also called the Pareto chart, is a histogram, according to the frequency of the occurrence of events, it shows the number of defects caused by some reason or inconsistent order.

Pareto Graph method is also called ABC Analysis chart method.

Statistical sampling consists of selecting the part of the sample population to check.

Formula for sample size:

Confidence factor: 1.96 (95%), 1.645 (90%), 1.281 (80%).

Normal:

Standard deviation:

Flowchart: Causal diagram (Causal analysis diagram, Ishikawa or fishbone diagram), System or program flowchart.

Steps to build a cause-and-effect diagram: Identify problems, select brainstorming teams for each discipline, draw problem boxes and main arrows, refine the main classification, and identify the cause of the problem.

Trend analysis: Involves the use of mathematical techniques to predict future outcomes based on historical results. Can be used to track changes in variables over time and are often used for monitoring.

Histogram is also called bar graph, mass distribution map, rectangle chart, frequency distribution

Let's snack.

6σ Management Law, the general enterprise's failure rate is about 3-4σ.

3. Human Resource Management

Human resource planning: Identify the roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships in the project, and form documentation. Also includes a project staffing management plan.

Build a project team: Get the human resources you need for your project.

Project team building: Improve the skills of individuals and teams to improve project performance.

Manage project teams: Track individual and team performance, provide feedback, resolve issues, and coordinate changes to improve project performance.

Development of human resources planning

Tools and Techniques: Organization chart and job description (hierarchy chart, matrix diagram, role description in text format), Human resources template, interpersonal network, organizational theory

RAM (Responsibility Distribution matrix)

Staffing management Plan: Describes when and how human resource requirements are met. Content: Personnel acquisition, timelines, human resources release criteria, training needs, recognition and rewards, compliance with certain conventions, security.

Build a project Team

Tools and Technologies: pre-allocation, negotiation, sourcing, virtual teams (it is important to have a project manager, a workable communication plan).

Output: Project personnel assignments, resource calendars, updated staffing management plans, resource availability

Project Team Building

Objective: To improve personal skills and enhance trust and cohesion among members.

Stage: formation, oscillation, normality, performance

The key to team building: Motivation theory (Manillo theory, Herzerg), x theory, y theory

The five powers of the project manager: lawful power, coercive power, reward power (from the company's authorization), expert power, latent power. (preferably with incentive authority and expert authority to influence the team)

Tools and technologies: general management skills, training, team building activities, basic principles, co-location, recognition and rewards.

Output: Team performance evaluation

Manage Project Teams

Input: Project staffing, roles and responsibilities, organizational chart of the project, staffing management plan, performance report, team performance evaluation, organizational process assets

Tools and technologies: Observation and dialogue, performance and evaluation, conflict management, issue logs

Project team members are responsible for resolving their own conflicts, and if the conflict is escalated, the project manager should help the team find a satisfactory solution.

The cause of the conflict: the high-pressure environment of the project, fuzzy responsibility, the existence of multiple superiors, the popularity of new technology.

Solutions to conflict: problem solving, compromise, common ground, retreat, coercion.

Output: Updated staffing management plan, change request, updated organizational process assets

September 30 Jobs