Shell File Test Operators

File Test Operators

File test operators are used to detect various properties of Unix files.
Attribute detection is described as follows:

operator	Description	Example
-B File	Detects if the file is a block device file, and returns True if it is.	[-B $file] returns FALSE.
-C file	Detects if the file is a character device file, and returns True if it is.	[-C $file] returns false.
-D File	Detects if the file is a directory, and returns True if it is.	[-D $file] returns false.
-F File	Detects if the file is a normal file (neither a directory nor a device file), and returns True if it is.	[-F $file] returns TRUE.
-G file	Detects if the file has a SGID bit set, and returns True if it is.	[-G $file] returns false.
-K File	Detects if the file has a sticky bit set (Sticky bit), and returns True if it is.	[-K $file] returns false.
-P File	Detects if the file is a well-known pipe, and returns True if it is.	[-P $file] returns false.
-U file	Detects if the file has a SUID bit set, and returns True if it is.	[-U $file] returns false.
-R File	Detects if the file is readable and returns true if it is.	[-R $file] returns TRUE.
-W File	Detects if the file is writable and returns true if it is.	[-W $file] returns TRUE.
-X File	Detects if the file can be executed and, if so, returns True.	[-X $file] returns TRUE.
-S file	Detects whether the file is empty (the file size is greater than 0) and does not return true for null.	[-S $file] returns TRUE.
-E File	Detects whether the file (including the directory) exists and, if so, returns True.	[-e $file] returns TRUE.

Instance

The file "test.sh", which has a size of 100 bytes, has rwx permissions. The following code will detect various properties of the file:

#!/bin/bashfile="test.sh"if [ -r $file ]then   echo "文件可读"else   echo "文件不可读"fiif [ -w $file ]then   echo "文件可写"else   echo "文件不可写"fiif [ -x $file ]then   echo "文件可执行"else   echo "文件不可执行"fiif [ -f $file ]then   echo "文件为普通文件"else   echo "文件为特殊文件"fiif [ -d $file ]then   echo "文件是个目录"else   echo "文件不是个目录"fiif [ -s $file ]then   echo "文件不为空"else   echo "文件为空"fiif [ -e $file ]then   echo "文件存在"else   echo "文件不存在"fi

Reference from "Rookie Tutorial"

Shell File Test Operators