recently, is learning ARM, so casually learn a single-chip microcomputer, to help understand.
as mentioned in "Arm Learning note entry", embedded processors are divided into three types: embedded microprocessors, embedded microcontrollers,Embedded microcontroller is a microcontroller, it will
CPU,
memory and
other peripherals are packaged together.
80C51 Series:
80C51 is a typical species in the MCS-51 series, and the CMOS process microcontroller products developed with 8051 as the base are collectively referred to as the 80C51 series. The following is the internal structure of 8051:
Basic composition
of 8051 :
CPU:Consists of the arithmetic and control logic, and also includes the interrupt system and some external special function registers;
RAM:To store data that can be read and written, such as the intermediate result of an operation, the final result, and the data to be displayed;
ROM:To store procedures, some raw data and forms;
I/O port:four x 8-bit parallel I/O ports can be used as input or as output;
T/C:two Timer/register, can work in the timing mode, can also work in the count mode;
Interrupt System:Interrupt control system for five interrupt sources;
UART:aFull-duplex UARTserial I/O port (Universal Asynchronous receiver transmitter) for serial communication between single chip microcomputer or MCU and microcomputer;On -chip oscillators and clock generation circuitry, quartz crystals and trimmer capacitors need to be plugged in. The maximum oscillation frequency depends on the microcontroller model and performance.
The following is a monolithic computer structure of the real picture:
how to Master Single chip microcomputer:
the minimum requirement for the system to function: (1)Power supply (2) Crystal oscillator (3) Reset circuit
random operation of any IO port of MCU: (1) Output control level high and low (2) Output detection level high and low.
Timers: key to mastering the most common way 2
Interruption:External interrupt,Timer Interrupt,Serial Interrupt
Serial communication:between single chip microcomputer, single chip microcomputer and computer
the basic sequence of single chip microcomputer work:(1)
Oscillation Period:（Clock Cycle)refers to the period of the oscillator that provides the clock pulse signal for the microcontroller, and the TX test board is 11.0592MHZ. (2)
Status Cycle:Each state period is twice times the clock period, which is obtained after the oscillation period is divided by two. (3)
Machine Cycle:A machine cycle consists of 6 state-period S1~S6, which is 12 clock cycles. Within a machine cycle, the CPU can perform a separate operation. (4)
instruction Cycle:It refers to the full amount of time that the CPU takes to complete an operation. Each instruction execution time is composed of one or several machine cycles. In the MCS-51 system, there are single-cycle instructions, dual-cycle instructions, and four-period directives.
From for notes (Wiz)
Single-Chip microcomputer learning Note (i)
