Some basic settings for Mac (share article)

Original link: http://www.h5con.cn/macdao/ocds-guide-to-setting-up-mac/blob/master/README.md

Original link: https://juejin.im/entry/58ca60d461ff4b006018aa2f

I think that "an efficient MAC working environment" has the following features:

• Automation

  Let me give you an example. Install an app manually, need 1) Open the browser, 2) search for the app's name, 3) Open the app website, 4) find the download link and installation method, 5) Download and wait for the download to complete, 6) Install the download file, 7) There may be subsequent installation steps. While automating the installation of an application, only 1) Opens the Terminal tool, 2) typing the installation command, 3) waiting to complete these steps.

  Automation can greatly simplify operations and improve efficiency.

• Unified

  I often pair programming, occasionally encounter shortcut keys are different, commands and other issues. I strongly recommend that, at least in one team, everyone try to use the same shortcut keys, commands, and other environments. (I remember one practice is this, but I have not found the name and source of the practice, please tell)

• Enough

  Good enough, if the system itself has met my needs, I will not use third-party tools.

• Efficiency

  Efficiency, everything is for efficiency.

1. OS X

This section describes some of the settings for the operating system itself.

function keys

By default, F1-f12 are special features, such as adjusting the screen brightness. And when you need to type in f1-f12 (such as when using IntelliJ Idea's shortcut), you need to hold down Fn at the same time. This is very inconvenient for developers.

Change the F1-F12 to the standard function key: Select System Preferences > Keyboard in the Keyboard tab Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard function keys .

Full keyboard control

When you close a file in Sublime Text, you may encounter a dialog box like this:

Note that this button is not the same as the Save other two buttons, its background is blue. This button is called the default button, in addition to the mouse click Trigger, you can also be triggered by the enter.

So the question comes, if you do not want to save, want to click Don‘t Save , is it only with the mouse click?

This is not the case: Select System Preferences > Keyboard , select it in the Shortcuts tab, All controls or use the shortcut key ?F7 . After that, this dialog box will look like this:

This Don‘t Save button has a circle of blue, which means you can trigger it with the spacebar. Not only that, you can also use the Tab keys to transfer the blue edge to other buttons to achieve full keyboard control.

In addition to All controls this method, you can also use ?? to choose Don‘t Save . ??is to select Delete or do not store in a dialog box that contains a delete or do not store button.

In addition to the above two methods, incredibly there is a way! Just press ?D ! It is said that ?+按钮的大写首字母 the button can be triggered by pressing. But! I pressed ?C and ?S want to cancel and save all useless! But ?D it's really useful! If it's just this, but I've tried my hand again TextEdit, the dialog box that pops up when you close an unsaved file has three buttons Delete , Cancel and a Save . ?D ?C But it's useless, but! ?Scan be saved! I can't understand it at all! I had almost collapsed, and had to write down the text in a roaring body. If anyone can explain please tell me, must have Xie!

?CIt should not be used because it is bound to a copy function, and ?D cannot be used because it does so by selecting the Desktop folder from the Open dialog box or from the Storage dialog box.

You can use this dialog box Esc to perform the Cancel operation.

Spotlight shortcut keys

The Chinese version of OS X Spotlight shortcut keys are ?Space . There are some problems with this shortcut:

• JetBrains Ides, such as IntelliJ idea, webstorm, are used ?Space as shortcuts to automate this most common function. I do not recommend changing the IDE's shortcut keys, and we recommend changing the shortcut keys for Spotlight.
• For MAC without adding Chinese input method, Spotlight's shortcut is ?Space . This is true of people in English-speaking countries. So I propose to set the Spotlight shortcut keys to ?Space match them.

Input Method shortcut keys

In general, the shortcut keys for switching input methods are ?Space . Since I recommend setting the shortcut key for Spotlight ?Space , I recommend that you set the shortcut key for the switch input method to ?Space .

Other shortcut keys

Let your hands as many keyboards and shortcuts as possible, use less mouse and touch pad, can greatly improve the efficiency.

• MAC keyboard shortcts

  Official Apple document. When you're writing code, how do you get the cursor to the beginning of a line, the end of a row, page up, or move the cursor to the left by a shortcut key? are in this document.

• MAC keyboard shortcuts for accessibility features

  Official Apple document. Enter trigger the Blue bottom button, the Space trigger blue edge button, all from here.

Set Trackpad Tap

By default, pressing the Touchpad is the tap (click). I like to set it up with a tap to tap:

Select System Preferences > Trackpad in the Point & Click tabs tab Tap to click .

Dictionary

OS X comes with a dictionary (Dictionary). You can practically use three-finger taps in any application to make a realistic definition of the word.

You can also open the Dictionary app to find words.

An English-Chinese dictionary can be added to the Dictionary application.

Dock Position

The default Dock is below the screen. Our screens are usually 16:10,dock at the bottom of the screen and occupy a small vertical space. It is advisable to put the Dock on the left or right.

Change the Caps Lock key to Control

I often use Control keys, but this key is hard to press in the lower left corner of the keyboard. At the same time I found that I rarely use Caps Lock keys, I usually use the Shift key with the letter to enter uppercase letters, or first lowercase and then (through the shortcut key) into uppercase.

For these reasons, I Caps Lock changed the function of the key into a Control key. Many of my colleagues have done the same thing, possibly influenced by hhkb.

Setting method: Select System Preferences > Keyboard , click the button in the Keyboard tab, in the Modifier Keys... popup window, Caps Lock (?) Key: change the corresponding option ? Control .

Remove all Dock Icons[ocd]

This article applies to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

By default, the dock is occupied by a bunch of system-brought apps, most of which I rarely use, and when I open several popular apps, there will be a lot of icons on the dock, each of which will be squeezed very small. So I'm going to erase all the pinned icons on the dock, so there's only one app I open on the dock.

The Ps:finder icon is not erased.

In addition to a delete icon, you can also use this command to hide all the fixed icons:

static-only -boolean true; killall Dock

Recovery is also very simple:

delete com.apple.dock static-only; killall Dock

PS: If you use this method, the Dock Downloads will be hidden.

Reset Launchpad location [OCD]

This article applies to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

When new applications are installed, they often run to the first screen of Launchpad, so their location is related to the order in which they are installed, and I prefer that they be arranged in a more stable order, such as in the default order of the system:

defaults write com.apple.dock ResetLaunchPad -bool true; killall Dock

In the default order, the Launchpad first screen is only available in Apple's home app.

Create a case-sensitive workspace

In a multi-person collaborative project development, because the Mac file system by default is case-insensitive, so there are often some strange problems. Create a case-sensitive workspace (workspace) To resolve these issues:

create -type SPARSE -fs ‘Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+‘ -size 100g -volname workspace ~/Documents/workspace.dmg.sparseimage

You can mount the image in three ways:

1. Direct double-click to open~/Documents/workspace.dmg.sparseimage
2. open ~/Documents/workspace.dmg.sparseimage
3. hdiutil attach ~/Documents/workspace.dmg.sparseimage

Keychain Access

Keychain Access (Keychain access) is an OS X application, and for me its biggest feature is to view the various accounts and passwords that have been saved, including the Wi-Fi password.

2. Common Tools

This section describes some of the commonly used third-party applications and their settings that are not directly related to development.

Homebrew

Package management tools, officially called The missing package manager for OS X .

Installation steps are at the official website.

After the brew, to download tools, such as MySQL, Gradle, Maven, node. js and other tools, you do not need to download the Internet, as long as a line of command can be done:

brew install mysql gradle maven node

PS: Apple Command line Tools is automatically downloaded and installed when you install brew.

The alternative to brew is macports, and now it's almost no one.

Homebrew Cask

Brew-cask allows you to install OS X apps using the command line. For example, you can install Chrome like this: brew cask install google-chrome . Evernote, Skype, Sublime Text, VirtualBox, etc. can all be installed with Brew-cask.

Brew-cask is community-driven, and if you find that the app on Brew-cask is not the latest version, or you're missing an app, you can submit your pull request yourself.

Installation steps are at the official website.

Apps can also be installed through the App Store, and some apps can only be installed through the App Store, such as some Apple apps like Xcode. The App Store does not have a corresponding command-line tool and requires an Apple ID. It's easy to update.

Almost all common applications can be installed via Brew-cask and downloaded from the app's official website, so when you install a new app, it's recommended to install it with Brew-cask. If you don't know the ID of the app in Brew-cask, you can brew cask search search by command first.

ITerm2

ITerm2 is the most commonly used terminal application and is a replacement for Terminal applications. Provides a Split Panes bunch of practical features such as. Its default black background let me not hesitate to abandon the Terminal.

Installation:

brew cask install iterm2

Thanks to Brew-cask, we can install ITerm2 automatically through the command line.

In the terminal, in addition to the use ?E of such shortcut keys (see other shortcuts), but also can use ?B , ?F such as shortcut keys (for specific reference here). The premise is to set this up:

Select Iterm menu > Preferences > Profiles , select the profile you are using (default is Default ), Keys Left option (?) key acts as and set the and both in the tab Right option (?) key acts as +ESC .

When I open a new window/tab, the new window is always the HOME directory by default, and I have to go to the working directory every time I tap a command. If you want this new window to automatically enter the working directory when it is opened, the following settings are required:

Select Iterm menu > Preferences > Profiles , select the profile that you are using (default), and select from the General section in the tab Working Directory Reuse previous seesion‘s directory .

At this point, the Terminal application has done its historical mission well. The following command line will be given to ITerm2.

Double-clicking in ITerm2 will automatically select the corresponding word, and three-click will select the corresponding whole line. The selected content is automatically entered into the Clipboard and no more press ?C copy is required.

Oh My Zsh

The default Bash is black and white with no color. and Oh My Zsh can take you into the color age. Oh My Zsh also provides a set of plugins and tools to simplify command-line operations. We'll see a lot of introductions in the back, and you'll see that I love this guy.

Installation method See official website.

The plugins I currently use are:git z sublime history rbenv bundler rake

Oh My Zsh uses the Z shell (Zsh), a shell similar to bash, not bash.

In the Z shell, ~/.zshrc It is the most important configuration file. Oh My Zsh writes the current environment when it is installed $PATH ~/.zshrc . This is not the behavior I expected, because using brew, we basically no longer need to customize $PATH , and Oh My Zsh provides the default $PATH value $HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH is very suitable for a value, it is $HOME/bin added $PATH , you can let us put our own script $HOME/bin down.

So it is recommended to reset ~/.zshrc :

~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc

Once submitted on June 17, 2016, zshrc.zsh-template it is no longer modified $PATH . Please find # export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH this line and remove the front # .

Oh My Zsh also has a lot of valuable plugins.

The substitutes have Oh My Fish. Based on Fishshell.

Stow

The GNU Stow is a small public who for managing Symbolic links (symlink). It is mainly used to symlink your dotfiles such as emacs,git,fish/zsh configuration files. installation requires only

brew install stow

After installing the Stow, we can start symlink some dotfiles. The complete process of using Stow and Dotfiles can be consulted http://www.h5con.cn/jcouyang/dotfiles

When your dotfiles is properly symlink ~/dotfiles , push to GitHub will never be afraid to switch computers.

Git Common aliases

Almost everyone uses some methods, such as Git aliases, to improve efficiency, and almost everybody uses them git st instead git status . However, this needs to be set manually, and everyone is not exactly the same.

Oh My Zsh provides a set of system aliases (alias) to achieve the same functionality. For gst example git status , as an alias. And the Git plugin is Oh my Zsh is enabled by default, equivalent to you use Oh my Zsh, you have a set of high-efficiency aliases, but also the global universal. Isn't that great? Here are some of my favorite aliases:

Alias	Command
Gapa	git add --patch
Gc!	git commit -v --amend
Gcl	git clone --recursive
Gclean	git reset --hard && git clean -dfx
Gcm	git checkout master
Gcmsg	git commit -m
Gco	git checkout
Gd	git diff
Gdca	git diff --cached
Glola	git log --graph --pretty = format:‘%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset‘ --abbrev-commit --all
Gp	git push
Grbc	git rebase --continue
Gst	git status
Gup	git pull --rebase
Gwip	git add -A; git rm $(git ls-files --deleted) 2> /dev/null; git commit -m "--wip--"

For a complete list, please refer to: http://www.h5con.cn/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Plugin:git

Scroll Reverser

When you're browsing a very long page, you've finished reading the current display and want to see what's next, you can swipe up on the Trackpad, or scroll up the mouse wheel. This is the rolling direction known as "nature".

However, in Windows the mouse scrolling behavior is reversed: the mouse wheel scrolls down to let the browser display subsequent content, scroll up will reach the top of the page. You can modify the System preferences in OS X (select System Preferences > Trackpad , uncheck in the Scroll & Zoom tab Scroll direction: natural ), but this will change the direction of the mouse wheel and the direction of the Trackpad.

To change the direction of the mouse wheel only, while keeping Trackpad is still "natural", we need to Scroll Reverser:

install scroll-reverser

PS: This item will invalidate the three-finger click

Shiftit

Native OS X can only manually resize the window, so we need window management tools. I've used a lot of window management tools, but most of the tools have problems with shortcut key conflicts (mostly IntelliJ idea for me). Shiftit is a rare, non-conflicting window management tool:

brew cask install shiftit

Older versions of Ps:shiftit need to have X11 installed, and the latest version has fixed the issue.

Substitutes have Sizeup, the main shortcuts and shiftit are the same.

Of course, if you like Hacking,slate is a good hackable window management tool. Configuration can refer to http://thume.ca/howto/2012/11/19/using-slate/

Sublime Text 2

Installation:

install sublime-text

Specifying the use of Sublime Text to open a file on the command line is a very common feature, and we will typically add links as described in OS X command lines ln -s "/Applications/Sublime Text 2.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl" ~/bin/subl subl . But if you install with Brew-cask, congratulations, you don't need to run this command, because Brew-cask automatically helps you do this thing. And when you unload Sublime Text, Brew-cask will automatically delete this link.

At the same time Oh My Zsh also provides the Sublime Text plugin, called sublime . Reference: Http://www.h5con.cn/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/tree/master/plugins/sublime, this plugin is perfectly compatible with the sublime Text installed by Brew-cask.

Substitutes are Atom, TextMate, Sublime text 3, and so on, like Sublime text 2, the command line tool will be automatically added with the Brew-cask installation $PATH .

Macdown

Macdown is the Markdown editor. Since the Mou has not supported the code highlighting, I turned to Macdown. Perfect support for GFM.

I especially like Markdown, I use Makdown to write articles (including this article), write Slides (reveal.js). Markdown allows me to focus on the content itself without having to devote myself to typography and styling.

Installation:

brew cask install macdown

Z

After opening the terminal, how do you enter the working directory of the project? Yes cd xxx , ?R or with an alias?

The Z tool can help you get to the table of contents quickly. For example, running on my Mac z cask will go into the /usr/local/Library/Taps/caskroom/homebrew-cask/Casks directory.

The installation of this item is very convenient and does not even need to download anything, because it has been integrated in the Oh My Zsh. Edit the ~/.zshrc file, plugins=(git) add it to the z line plugins=(git z) , and then run source ~/.zshrc reload the configuration file to use Z.

Substitutes are autojump. AutoJump need to use a brew installation.

Vimium

Vimium is a Google Chrome extension that lets you manipulate chrome on a purely keyboard and turn your chrome into a "hacker's browser".

Please refer to the official website for installation methods.

Other browsers also have similar tools, such as FireFox's keysnail.

LastPass

LastPass is a tool for managing passwords, supports two validations, provides all browser plugins, and MAC desktop versions.

Most importantly, it provides a command-line version that can be installed directly through brew

install lastpass-cli --with-pinentry

After that, you only need to log in:

lpass login [email protected]email.com

You can copy the password or integrate it into other commands:

show --password gmail.com -c

Sourcetree

Sourcetree is an excellent Git graphical client from the Atlassian company. If you find that the command line does not meet your requirements, you can try Sourcetree.

Installation:

brew cask install sourcetree

Installing with Brew-cask will automatically add the command line tool stree to the $PATH inside. Typing on the command line stree allows you to quickly open the current Git repository with Sourcetree. For detailed usage, see stree --help .

Cheatsheet

Cheatsheet can display the list of shortcut keys for the current program, and the default shortcut is long press ? .

Installation:

brew cask install cheatsheet

Alfred

Mac users do not have the necessary artifact of the mouse keyboard, with a lot of workflows, habits can greatly reduce the operating time.

Easy to get started, the cost of tuning in the late custom workflows, but there are a large number of Lei Feng users to provide a ready-made extension, visit here to choose like, and can be extremely simple to modify according to their needs.

Installation:

brew cask install alfred

Resources

• Hacker ' s Guide to Setting up Your Mac
• Setting up a new (OS X) Development machine
• Efficient MacBook Working Environment configuration
• How do programmers use their Mac gracefully?
• Decorate your Dock: the appearance of the article

Some basic settings for Mac (share article)