Steps for creating a database manually in Oracle

In addition to the built-in DBCA, Oracle can create databases. Another method is to manually create databases, which must be mastered by DBAs. The following describes how to manually create a database:
To manually create a database, follow these steps:
1. Confirm the new database name and Instance name;
2. Determine the authentication method of the database administrator;
3. Create an initialization parameter file;
4. Create an instance;
5. Connect and start the instance;
6. Use the create database statement to create a database;
7. Create additional tablespaces;
8. Run the script to create a data dictionary view;

The following describes how to create a database named "MYNEWDB ".

1. Determine the Database Name and Instance name;
DB_NAME = MYNEWDB
SID = MYNEWDB

2. Determine the authentication method of the database administrator;
The Administrator authentication methods include operating system authentication and password authentication. In this example, operating system authentication is used.

3. Create an initialization parameter file;
The initialization parameter sample file provided by Oracle is located in initsmpl. ora in the $ ORACLE_HOME/admin/sample/pfile directory.
We use the sample modification method. The name of the created parameter is initMYNEWDB. ora, which is stored in D:/oracle/ora92.

/Database/initMYNEWDB. ora. The main content is set as follows:

# Sharing server settings
Dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL = TCP) (SERVICE = MYNEWDBXDB)
# Database instance name settings
Instance = MYNEWDB
# Security and audit settings
Remote_login_passwordfile = EXCLUSIVE
# Sorting area size setting
Pga_aggregate_target = 25165824
Sort_area_size = 524288
# Global Database Name settings
Db_domain = ""
Db_name = MYNEWDB
# Control File Settings
Control_files = ("D:/oracle/oradata/MYNEWDB/CONTROL01.CTL ",
"D:/oracle/oradata/MYNEWDB/CONTROL02.CTL ",
"D:/oracle/oradata/MYNEWDB/CONTROL03.CTL ")
# SGA zone settings
Java _ pool_size = 33554432
Large_pool_size = 8388608
Shared_pool_size = 50331648
# Cursor and database cache settings
Open_cursors = 300
# Rollback segments and tablespace revocation settings
Undo_management = AUTO
Undo_retention = 10800
Undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS
# Diagnosis and tracking information settings
Background_dump_dest = D:/oracle/admin/MYNEWDB/bdump
Core_dump_dest = D:/oracle/admin/MYNEWDB/cdump
Timed_statistics = TRUE
User_dump_dest = D:/oracle/admin/MYNEWDB/udump

# User process settings

Processes = 150

# Buffer and database size settings

DB _ block_size = 8192
DB _ cache_size = 25165824
Db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16

4. Create an instance
Select "program --> Run" and enter the "cmd" command to open the DOS interface.
(1) set the environment variable ORACLE_SID to "MYNEWDB"
C:/SET ORACLE_SID = MYNEWDB
(2) Use the ORADIM command to create a MYNEWDB Database
C:/ORADMIN-NEW-sid mynewdb-intpwd mynewdb-startmode manual-pfile d:/oracle/ora92

/Database
Note: ORADMIN is a tool provided by Oracle for instance management. You can create, modify, delete, start, and close an instance.

Instance, run the C:/oradmin help command to view the usage of this command

5. Connect and start the instance
C:/sqlplus/nolog
SQL> connect sys/mynewdb as sysdba;
SQL> startup nomount;

6. Use the create database statement to create a database
SQL> CREATE DATABASE MYNEWDB
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE 'd:/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/system. dbf' size 50 M
Undo tablespace undotbs DATAFILE 'd:/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/undotbs. dbf' size 50 M
Autoextend on next 5120 K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Default temporary tablespace tempts
Character set US7ASCII
National character set AL16UTF16
Logfile group 1 ('d:/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo01.log ') size 100 M,
GROUP 2 ('d:/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo02.log ') size 100 M,
GROUP 3 ('d:/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo03.log ') size 100 M;

When the create database statement is executed, the $ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/SQL. bsq script is automatically executed to create the SYSTEM

Tablespace and SYSTEM rollback segments, SYS and SYSTEM accounts, basic data dictionary tables, data dictionary indexes, and predefined roles.

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