The development process of computer

If you want to learn computer, you should have some knowledge of computer. The so-called enemy can baizhanbudai well, today to learn some simple knowledge, from the computer development process began to learn it.

The development process of computer is divided into several stages. What are the characteristics of each stage.

The first computer, ENIAC (Electronic numerical Integrator and Calculator), was invented in 1946 and was developed by the US oberding weapons testing ground in order to calculate the trajectory. It consists of more than 18,000 tubes, weighing up to 130 tons, occupies an area of M2, consumes 150kW per hour, 5,000 times per second of the addition operation. It is not perfect, but after all, it pioneered a new era of computing.

To date, the computer has undergone four generations of evolution and is currently developing to the fifth generation or new generation of computers.

The first generation was the electron tube computer, about from the late 1940s to the mid 1950s. Its main component is the electron tube, the memory uses the drum, the volume is big, consumes much, the computation speed is slow. This period, the computer is mainly used in scientific calculation and military aspects, the use is very not common.

The second generation is the transistor computer, about from the mid 1950s to the mid 1960s, the use of transistors as the main device, the internal memory mainly uses magnetic chip, the external memory began to use the disk, the input and output mode has a great improvement. The high-level language is beginning to be used, and the operating system and the compilation system already appear. This generation of computers is significantly smaller, the reliability is greatly improved, the operation speed of up to million per second, and began to apply to management for the purpose of information processing field.

The third-generation computer is an integrated circuit computer, about from the mid 1960s to 20-century the early 70 's. The device uses small and medium-sized integrated circuits, memory mainly uses semiconductor memory, computer design began to use micro-programming technology. The development and use of operating systems and high-level languages has been extensive, and computer networks have emerged. This period of computer in the storage capacity, computing speed, reliability and other aspects have been greatly improved, the size of the machine further reduced, the cost is further reduced, the application of computer and the popularity of the extent of further expansion.

The fourth generation is a LSI computer, about the early 1970s to the present. The device adopts large-scale and VLSI, the internal memory uses semiconductor memory, the device integration is more and more high. At the same time a microprocessor appeared, and then a microcomputer appeared. The emergence and development of computer is a major event in the history of computer, its development is more rapid, from 8-bit machine, 16-bit machine, 32-bit machine, developed to 64-bit microcomputer, so that the computer in storage capacity, computing speed, reliability and price ratio of the performance of the previous generation of computers have a greater breakthrough. Computer network technology has been further developed, in the area of LAN, WAN and network standardization, abnormity machine networking, optical fiber network and so on has made great progress.

Since entering the 1980s, the United States, Japan, Western Europe and China's computer industry has begun to develop a fifth-generation computer or a new generation of computers, also known as intelligent computer. In addition to the function of modern computer, it also has the ability to imitate human reasoning, association and learning to some extent, and has the capability of speech recognition and image recognition. The research and development of the fifth generation computer is in the ascendant.

Summarize the points of knowledge:

The first computer, ENIAC, was manufactured at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States, with more than 18,000 tubes and 5,000 operations per second.

Four stages of computer development:

Electronic Tube computer---------transistor computer--------integrated circuit computer--------large scale and VLSI