WHERE clause
To conditionally select data from a table, you can add a WHERE clause to the SELECT statement.
Grammar
SELECT column name from table name WHERE column operator value
The following operators can be used in the WHERE clause:
operator |
Description |
= |
Equals |
<> |
Not equal to |
> |
Greater than |
< |
Less than |
>= |
Greater than or equal |
<= |
Less than or equal |
Between |
Within a range |
Like |
Search for a pattern |
Notes: In some versions of SQL, the operator <> can be written as! =.
Using the WHERE clause
If you want to select only people who live in the city "Beijing", we need to add a WHERE clause to the SELECT statement:
WHERE City=‘Beijing‘
"Persons" table
LastName |
FirstName |
Address |
| City
| Year
Adams |
John |
Oxford Street |
London |
1970 |
Bush |
George |
Fifth Avenue |
New York |
1975 |
Carter |
Thomas |
Changan Street |
Beijing |
1980 |
Gates |
Bill |
Xuanwumen 10 |
Beijing |
1985 |
Results:
LastName |
FirstName |
Address |
| City
| Year
Carter |
Thomas |
Changan Street |
Beijing |
1980 |
Gates |
Bill |
Xuanwumen 10 |
Beijing |
1985 |
Use of quotation marks
Note that we use single quotes around the condition values in the example.
SQL uses single quotation marks to wrap text values (most database systems also accept double quotes). If it is a numeric value , do not use quotation marks.
Text value:
FirstName=‘Bush‘
FirstName=Bush
Numerical:
Year>1965
Year>‘1965‘
The WHERE statement for SQL