Visual design Theory: The physiological chromatic aberration in design

Sorting out such an article, superficial understanding, is primarily a desire to further understand the problems that have arisen in recent projects.
There are Americans on the top of the company, and the questioning of some of the template designs has always felt confusing.
Just started to think that the design of the problem, the effect is not ideal after modification.
It suddenly occurred to me whether the color difference caused by the difference in the eyes.
I think gray-scale perception should be the same (and later proved wrong), and then in certain situations it will cause cognitive aberration due to eye color.

First, the exact concept of physiology.

The color of the eye is a trait inherited by more than one gene, and for humans, the genes currently known to be 3 loci (locus) are related to the color of the eye, respectively, EYCL1, EYCL2 and EYCL3. These genes are related to the phenotype of the human eye color (brown, green, and blue). Although brown eyes were previously thought to be dominant, blue eyes were recessive genes. But in fact the two-bit blue-eyed parent was able to give birth to brown-eyed offspring, and the decision to show eye color was not followed by the common Mendelian rule, but it was quite rare (1 in about 100 million people). All four genes must simultaneously determine the same color in order to produce a simple color, whereas a mixed color, such as blue-green, is present. The color of the eye tends to stabilize about 6 months after the baby is born.

The above image is based on the above genetic research and inferred iris color formation reason, visible dark brown, light brown and gray are caused by the shading of melanin, blue is because of the color of scattering, and red is due to the color of bleaching. When light brown mixes with blue, it becomes green, and red and blue are purple.

Below we use layer 20% transparent overlay to do a series of chromatography, to show the different iris (cough, this is professional) color differences (ignore the color spectrum, screen output and the so-called intrinsic color difference between).

Primary Color spectrum

Brown
Brown is the most common color of human iris. The brown iris contains a lot of melanin, and the dark brown iris looks like black. The brown iris is thought to be the dominant gene in the human iris, but recent studies suggest it is not necessarily true.

Light brown
Hazel eyes are the result of a combination of Rayleigh scattering and a moderate degree of melanin in the front of the iris membrane layer. Light brown is difficult to define. They are described as light brown or tawny. Some people think that light brown is the middle color of brown and blue Iris.

Amber and Yellow
Amber is more common in other animals, it is lighter than brown, rarely appears in humans, and is called cat wink. In Europe the proportion is more, or more is the half-breed.

Green
The green iris is the rarest color. In Europe, a high proportion of Celtic, Germanic and Slavic people, outside Europe, some Pashtuns, Turks also have green Iris.

Grey
Gray is considered a variant of the Blue Iris. Is the second most unusual color (second only to green).

Blue
Blue Iris is more common in Europe, and about 8% of the world's population has blue Iris. Nordic people such as Icelanders, Finns and Latvia are about 80% more than blue eyes.

–total–

So we focus on the color difference between the brown iris and the blue Iris.

Brown chromatographic phase for the primary color spectrum, lower gray, purple, red, green part of the increase in the blue part of the decrease.
Blue color spectrum for the primary color spectrum, lower gray, purple, blue, green part of the increase in the red part of the decrease.
Brown chromatography relative to the blue color spectrum, the overall lightness is high, saturation is high, red, purple more, blue green is less.
To make the blue color spectrum to the extent of Brown, to enhance the overall lightness, saturation, contrast, increase blue, reduce red.

So in reality, people with blue Iris prefer to use a design that we think is a strong contrast to color grayscale, which is unresponsive to warm colors.
So we look at the foreign design will produce a bright feeling is also understandable.
In addition, we need to design the product in different populations of the application of micro-poor.

–etc–

Also want to write about color blindness on the difference, there is a point to be clear-color blindness is not a disease, color blindness can also do the design, and can do very distinctive, because I have known a color blindness designer, haha. There are many ways to achieve with non color blindness designers, customers for color exchange.

After the article was sent out, soon received a reply from Quester.

This is scientific, but it does not equal to a workable solution.
Generally speaking, without a trained human naked eye, it is impossible to tell the color difference below 10%.
Therefore, in the general design of the pursuit of correcting eye color deviation, as much to consider the normal way: To correct the different screen display color.
This is the more reliable approach, but also the practical application of the often problematic parts:
For example, green and purple, and most of the middle Gray, will show a different state on each display, so the concept of "safe color" appears.
So, the gray that appears on your monitor may be pink or powder blue on your boss ' monitor, and it's not a thing to say.
Therefore, make sure that everyone in the same tune the display environment work, is a visual designer should be familiar with the work.

Here, Quester offers a wider range of ideas.

• Uniform display effect.
• The design uses a safe color.

Long story short, the artificial participation of the software and hardware color correction, in fact, adds an unstable factor.
A lot of time to do compatibility and testing is inefficient, but also affect the quality of the design itself.
Unified display equipment is the right path.

-–color-blind ——-

Before the plan to write the design of color blindness in the principle of the relationship between the search for related materials, found that there are several good articles.

Web Accessibility for color blindness Design (a): Who are they?
Web Accessibility for color blindness Design (ii): Tools for testing design
Accessible Web Pages for the colorblind

These articles are designed for color blindness in the perspective of non color blindness designers.
The analysis of the concept is already in place.
Back worm some of the previous understanding of color blindness designers for design experience.

Color blindness Anomalous trichromatism designers can identify gray-scale, but this is far from enough for design. There are many reasons for the impact, not only the color of the people, but also light, environmental color, saturation, and so on, plus the degree of color blindness anomalous trichromatism are many, so it is difficult to determine the extent of the tool for improving the design.

Although there are Adobe Kuler, color disk tools, color Code, PS Even if there are many tools to help interpret color, but the display of things, after all, is the number, at most to understand the blue more, red or green more such information, RGB any one value more how much less how much, will cause color differences, sometimes almost, let the whole color modulation. Even if the experience is rich enough to know how to use the color swatch, but there is another problem.

Ordinary people do not use these color code communication, they may say "Medium orchid", "Steek blue" and so on, this side will not explain to him that this is #aacc22, yes, know that this color is red, blue, but sometimes can not say what is the exact color.

Sometimes show the design draft, the customer or above will say with this what color change. In fact, the designers think that there is no use of this color, but in fact, really use the color, just did not distinguish. This time the tool is the Savior. These tools are easy to get rid of color errors in addition to the correct color code, or even the name of the color.

With this gadget and other tools, I believe it can make anomalous trichromatism color blindness designers a big help.

Whatcolor

Although the design of color blindness anomalous trichromatism designers can sometimes be very painful (in my opinion), but in fact still have their own subjective color perception, it is normal people do not feel. Some color blindness Designer's work has its own unique colour style.