(bio, req) {//a control structure implemented as a macro, traversing each bio in the requestSbull_xfer_bio (dev, bio);Nsect + = bio->bi_size/kernel_sector_size;//#define KERNEL_SECTOR_SIZE 512}return nsect;}static int Sbull_xfer_bio (struct sbull_dev *dev, struct bio *bio){int i;struct Bio_vec *bvec;sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector;Bio_for_each_segment (Bvec, bio, I)//to traverse the pseudo-control structure of the segments that make up the bio struc
specified device, the system will exit the startup due to an error. You can then automatically or manually Mount other file systems. Therefore, different file systems can exist in a system at the same time.
Different file system types have different characteristics, so there are different application scenarios based on the hardware characteristics and system requirements of storage devices. In Embedded Linux applications, the main storage devices are RAM
Linux supports multiple file systems, including ext2, ext3, vfat, NTFS, iso9660, jffs, romfs, and NFS. to centrally manage various file systems, linux introduces Virtual File System (VFS), which provides a unified operation interface and Application Programming Interface for various file systems.
The file system structure in Linux is as follows:
During Linux Startup, the first file system must be mounted. If the system cannot mount the root file system from a specified device, the system will
Linux supports multiple file systems, including ext2, ext3, vfat, ntfs, iso9660, jffs, romfs, and nfs. to centrally manage various file systems, linux introduces Virtual File System (VFS), which provides a unified operation interface and Application Programming Interface for various File systems.
The file system structure in Linux is as follows:
File System Structure in Linux
During Linux Startup, the first file system must be mounted. If the system cannot mount the ro
Use fdisk to add hard disk partitions and fdisk to add Hard Disk Partitions
1. use fdisk to create 6 partitions [1 P + 1E (5L)] // dev/sdb1/dev/sdb5/dev/sdb6/dev/sdb7/dev/sdb8/deb/sdb9
1 [root@server ~]# fdisk -l 2 3 Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 4 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders 5 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 6 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /
flash devices and their challenges.
Flash Memory Technology
Flash Memory (which can be achieved through several different technologies) is a non-volatile memory, which means that the content remains unchanged after the power is disconnected.
The two most common flash devices are nor and NAND. Nor-based Flash technology is relatively early, it supports high read performance, but to reduce the cost of capacity. NAND Flash provides higher capacity while achieving fast write and erase performance.
Nand_init in drivers/NandFor example# Define pai_nand_base (0x70200010)Which isNand_init_chipNand-> io_addr_r = NAND-> io_addr_w = (void _ iomem * base_addr;Retrieve the address and then proceed,Board_nand_init
4 K is correct. It seems that the value of 8g needs to be changed. The value of M is also 4 K.
K9g8g08 (1 piece = 128 page = 256 K), started normally on 1 gb mlc Nand
Device 0: NAND 2gib, 3 V 8-bit, sector size 512 kibNand: MAF. ID = 0xecDevi
. System circuit diagram 2.
Figure 2 hardware structure of the embedded micro-image processing system
After the system is powered on, the DSP executes the BOOTLOAD program, loads the user program code from the external Flash to the internal program memory, and executes initialization operations such as A/D and character superposition. The Video Acquisition and conversion module converts analog video signals output by CCD cameras to digital image data and stores them in
RGBA8888)
If you load the picture then you are using 4M of RAM. If you need to render, then you need 4M of RAM.
Loading is usually **load (NSString *) filename,
Rendering is typically node AddChild (node)
2: Reference count problem
Increase in reference count: The A:alloc object refers to an object reference number +1
B: Call retain (detail some examples below)
-> For example you are cocos2d user wi
jump to the sdram for execution.
Relocation code parsing:
1) nand interface Initialization
When u-boot is started, lowlevel_init is called in start. S and start. S of the corresponding hardware platform to initialize the underlying hardware such as clock, uart, nand, and mmu.
Start. S:
...bl lowlevel_init /* go setup pll,mux,memory */...
Lowlevel_init.S:
.../* * Nand Interface Init for SMDK6400 */nand_asm_init: ldr r0, =ELFIN_NAND_BASE ldr r1, [r0, #NFCONF_OFFSET] orr r1
Selarray segment. for (i = 0 ; i 512 ; i + +) pcharray[i] = 0 ; //accesses the memory space of the new segment through the far pointer across segments.
While implementing segmented memory management is a matter of operating system (supported by hardware), you want to use segmented memory management to improve the productivity of your programming and other benefits of segmented memory administration (segment sharing, extended memory ...) Pr
flash. Therefore, it can only be burned to nor flash for running. If it is burned to nandflash, it cannot be run. 3. Refer to the Development Board materials and set the jumper to start from nor flash. The startup information is as follows:
U-Boot 1.1.4 (Dec 30 2007 - 23:25:02) U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9696C BSS: -> 33F9AC58 RAM Configuration: Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment Flash:
Record the log of creating LVM at one time and create LVM log records
First, let's take a picture of laruence LVM. I feel this is the clearest picture.
# The following is a direct record using the Xshell logging system. Some Comments [BEGIN] 9:22:24 # Check the hard disk first. [root @ iZ23h637rtdZ ~] # Fdisk-lDisk/dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytesSector size
The 12864 dot matrix LCD module (LCM) is a 128*64-row array consisting of 128*64 LCD display points. Each display point corresponds to a binary number. 1 indicates bright, and 0 indicates extinct. The ram that stores the dot matrix information is called the display data storage. To display a graphic or Chinese character, you need to write the corresponding dot matrix information to the corresponding storage unit. The dot matrix information of graphics
The memeory section of SRC/bootloader/eboot/boot. bib is as follows:
Memory
; Name start Size Type
;---------------------------
ARGs 80020800 00000800 Reserved
Ram 80021000 ipvb000 Ram
Stack 8002c000 2017a000 Reserved
Eboot 80038000 00040000 ramimage
Binfs 80080000 00021000 Reserved
For this configuration, I remember a post on csdn mentioned this problem (Http://topic.csdn.net/u/20100729/17
system from a setting that cannot be started, a serious error occurs. The two bytes at the end of the first sector of the boot device must be: 0x55 and 0xAA , the two magic numbers are the key to distinguishing between bootable devices and non-bootable devices. With sudo head -c 512 /dev/sda | hd the contents of the first sector you can see, note the last two characters.BIOS If the bootable device cannot be found, it will be reported No Bootable Devi
512-byte sector: For 300MB, it should be 300 * 1024 ^ 2/512 = 614400)2. Save the script and change it to executable mode:chmod 755 ~/tools/batch/ramdisk.shRunning ramdisk.sh will create a memory disk:$ ramdisk.shstarted Erase on disk4unmounting diskerasinginitialized/dev/rdisk4 as a MB case-insensitive HFS Plus Volu Memounting diskfinished Erase on Disk4 jdkramdiskNow the Finder should be able to find a ne
(Note: The Diskutil expected parameter is an integer multiple of the 512-byte sector: For 300MB, it should be 300 * 1024 ^ 2/512 = 614400)2. Save the script and change it to executable mode:
1
chmod755 ~/tools/batch/ramdisk.sh
Running ramdisk.sh will create a memory disk:
1234567
$ ramdisk.shStarted erase on disk4Unmounting diskErasingInitiali
-create.for Linux users:This link is described in detail.for Mac users:Create a memory disk using the Diskutil tool1. Create a new script, for example: ~/tools/batch/ramdisk.shReplace the x, Y, and Z with your JDK version:
123
#!/bin/bashdiskutil erasevolume HFS+ ‘JDK RAMDISK‘`hdiutil attach -nomount ram://614400`cp-r /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.x.y_z.jdk /Volumes/JDKRAMDISK
( Note:The Diskutil expected param
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