located in one VLAN on the aggregation or core device, the broadcast traffic will be returned to other cells through the upper-layer device, which will continue to occupy the link bandwidth of these cells and affect the host performance, this configuration method is widely used in the current broadband network.
Multicast exception message: the multicast information serves only some users in the network. Th
technology, you can restrict the transmission of broadcast packets only to upstream ports, which can reduce the impact on the link and host of the local network segment, but cannot solve the impact on the Convergence layer and core layer devices. If multiple sub-divisions are located in one VLAN on the aggregation or core device, the broadcast traffic will be returned to other cells through the upper-layer device, which will continue to occupy the link bandwidth of these cells and affect the ho
At present, in the IP network, the operator's network to provide more services for the purpose, no longer in the form of xDSL to provide users, but directly provide a unified width interface, in some broadband community this form is particularly common.
At present, in the broadband community to apply the most in addition to Internet services, more is to provide IPTV applications. In the promotion of IPTV, for the involved access layer switching equipment, the device is generally required to supp
Due to the time relationship, I shared a question left over from the previous topic with you in this topic. This topic mainly introduces how to Implement UDP broadcast.Program, The following describes the implementation process andCodeAnd the running result.
I. Program Implementation
UDP broadcast program implementation code:
Using System; Using System. net; Using System. net. Sockets; Using System. text; Using System. Threading; Using System. Windows. forms; Namespace U
The IP protocol is the means by which all information on the Internet is transmitted, and UDP (user Datagram Protocol, Subscriber Datagram Protocol) datagram is encapsulated in an IP packet and sent to the appropriate machine on the network. As we all know, most IP uses a single point of dispatch, that is, sending one package from one host to another. However, the IP protocol also has the ability to send multicast, to use
Multicast Summary:
Why multicast is introduced.
When you want to send a message to some people, unicast based on TCP is too slow, and the broadcast will let everyone know, so the use of multicast, multicast is the use of UDP send, and only one package at a time, only the group members can receive, regardless of whe
Tags: style blog color os io using AR for dataMetalink Note 283107.1 describes how to set up an IPMP for a VIP, where the setup process is recorded. o Existing 10g RAC installation ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ the ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ for Existing 10g RAC installations, use SRVCTL to Modify the VIP to use all the NIC ' s within the same IPMP group. The following example is configuring the VIP for jphp1580, the "to use the " the "the" NIC "s specified in the" command line.
over the packet copying work to the network, rather than the sender.
There are two types of one-to-many (one-to-many) services: Broadcast and Multicast (Multicast ). For broadcast, all hosts in the local network receive a copy of data. For multicast, a message is only sent to a multicast address. The network only dist
IGMP communicates group membership information between hosts and routers on the local network, and routers periodically multicast IGMP queries to all host groups. Host multicast IGMP reporting messagesIn response to the query.From an architectural standpoint, IGMP is the Transport layer protocol located above IP. It has a protocol number (2), and its message is hosted by an IP datagram. With ICMP, the proce
bidirectional configuration with the manually configured LECS address to go directly to VCC. In this process, LEC will obtain the ATM address of the elan les.(2) RegistrationThis is the mechanism that LEC provides the address information for LES, such as the MAC address. In this process, a pair of connections will be established between LEC and LES, that is, two-way point-to-point control direct to VCC, and one-way point-to-multi-point control distribution VCC.(3) Address ResolutionThis is how
. connect (target); // blocking the write stream. If the sending buffer is full, 0 is returned. You can register SelectionKey. the OP_WRITE event allows you to perform write operations when writing data. The method is basically the same as that of TCP/IP + NIO sendChannel. write (ByteBuffer );
The server code is basically the same as the client code, so it is not described one by one.
From the code above, for UDP/IP, NIO only performs IO operations when the stream is to be read or writable, inst
address mask request and reply messageICMP timestamp request and reply messageICMP Unreachable messageICMP echo Request and ECHO Response message formatICMP super-Times articleICMP Redirect MessageICMP router Request message formatICMP Router Advertisement message formatError message format for ICMP Source station suppressionICMP Type:The ICMP error reporting message should not be sent:
ICMP error Reporting messages are not sent for all subsequent datagrams of the first Shard's data sh
, a configuration method that is widely available in current broadband networks.
Multicast class Exception message: Multicast class information is intended to serve only some users within the network, and its destination address is the host of the network application to join the multicast group. Some hosts did not request to join the
switch uplink port policy to User-down
Using the Strom-control (Storm Control) feature in three-layer switching, this feature is based on port-controlled unicast \ Multicast \ Multicast, which can be accurate to 0.01%, but an approximate value. This method is a threshold way, limit the monitoring time per second, more than the set threshold to discard the package, and the user is not aware of the network
reply message
ICMP timestamp request and reply message
ICMP Unreachable message
ICMP echo Request and ECHO response message format
ICMP super-Times article
ICMP Redirect Message
ICMP router Request message Format
ICMP Router Advertisement message format
error message format for ICMP Source station suppression
ICMP Type:
ICMP Error Reporting messages should not be sent: all subsequent datagrams for the first shard do not send ICMP Error reporting message
within a convergence or core device, broadcast traffic is returned to other communities via the upper device, which continues to occupy the link bandwidth of these communities and affects host performance, a configuration method that is widely available in current broadband networks.
Multicast class Exception message: Multicast class information is intended to serve only some users within the network, and
Configure multicast scopes
1. Introduction to multicast scopes
Multicast is a single point to multiple points of information communication. In the network, unicast, broadcast and multicast 3 mechanisms can be used for single point to multicast, in which
, analysis, and confrontation of various DoS attacks in the year have become increasingly complete, and it is difficult to find the partition BoundaryHandle the vulnerability. Why do we need to review IP sharding? An IGMP attack described below involves IP sharding and is no longer usedI'm afraid some of my friends will see me dizzy.
Another unrelated problem is that raw_socket can send IP segments, but never receive IP segments,Before the kernel is restructured, it will not partition raw_socket
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